Train electrician. Job description of a train electrician
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1. General requirements for labor protection
1.1. This "Instruction on labor protection for a train electrician in the passenger sector of Russian Railways" was developed on the basis of "Industry-specific in the passenger sector of the federal railway transport" POT RO-13153-CL-923-02 and establishes the basic requirements for labor protection during maintenance and repair equipment of passenger cars, when servicing the equipment along the train route by a train electrician (hereinafter referred to as the electrician).
1.2. Persons who have reached the age of eighteen years old, who have undergone training and testing of knowledge in the specialty and labor protection, preliminary (when hiring) medical examination, introductory and primary briefing at the workplace, fire-fighting briefing, first aid training for victims of accidents.
1.3. The electrician in the process of work must pass:
1.3.1. repeated briefings at least once every three months;
1.3.2. targeted briefings when performing one-time work;
1.3.3. unscheduled briefings:
Upon the introduction of new or revised standards, rules, instructions on labor protection, as well as changes to them;
When it changes technological process, replacement or modernization of equipment, fixtures and tools, materials and other factors affecting labor safety;
In case of violation by employees of labor safety requirements, which can lead or have led to injury, poisoning, accident, fire, explosion;
At the request of the supervisory authorities;
During breaks in work for more than 30 calendar days;
By decision of the employer (or a person authorized by him), the head of the unit;
Upon receipt from the management apparatus of Russian Railways, the railway, other branches of organizational and administrative documents on measures to prevent injuries, accidents, crashes, explosions, fires, poisoning that occurred in other divisions;
1.3.4. the next test of knowledge on labor protection at least 1 time in 2 years;
1.3.5. extraordinary examination of knowledge on labor protection:
When commissioning new equipment, changes in technical processes that require additional knowledge of labor protection, knowledge is checked for the relevant changes;
After accidents or accidents at work, as well as in the event of repeated violations by employees of the requirements of regulations on labor protection;
With breaks in work for more than one year;
1.3.6. periodical medical examinations according to established order;
1.3.7. periodic training, at least once a year, in first aid to victims;
1.3.8. electrical safety knowledge test once a year.
1.4. An electrician must have an electrical safety group of at least IV and a permit to work with electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V.
1.5. In the process of work, the following main dangerous and harmful production factors can affect the electrician:
Moving rolling stock and other vehicles;
Increased noise level;
Increased vibration level;
The increased value of the voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body;
Location of the workplace at a considerable height relative to the ground (car floor);
Insufficient illumination of the working area at night;
Reduced or increased temperature of the car equipment surfaces;
Increased air mobility;
Increased level of electromagnetic radiation;
Neuropsychic overload;
Pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses).
1.6. The electrician must know:
The impact on a person of dangerous and harmful production factors;
Requirements for electrical safety, industrial sanitation, fire safety and the location of primary fire extinguishing equipment;
The scheme of forming the composition of the serviced train;
Arrangement and characteristics of wagon equipment;
Order of conduct technological operations in the preparation, equipment, acceptance and delivery of the composition;
Ways to prevent, detect and eliminate malfunctions in the operation of wagon equipment;
Light and sound signals ensuring traffic safety, safety signs and the procedure for fencing rolling stock;
Rules for first aid and the location of first aid kits.
1.7. The electrician must, in accordance with article 214 Labor Code Russian Federation:
Comply with labor protection requirements;
Correct and timely use of funds personal protection(PPE) issued to him in the prescribed manner;
Inform the head of the train about any situation that threatens the life and health of passengers or members of the train crew and provide first aid to the injured;
In case of injury or illness, stop work, notify the foreman (foreman), and on the way the head of the train and seek help from a first-aid post or the nearest medical institution;
Monitor the performance of carriage equipment operated by train crew members, carriage conductors, employees of club carriages, technical propaganda carriages, carriages with video salons, carriages with compartment buffets, restaurant carriages, postal and other carriages following in the composition passenger train;
Comply with the rules of the internal labor schedule and the established work and rest regimes.
1.8. When on a railway track, an electrician must comply with the following requirements:
Pass through the area railway station, the territories of the point of formation and turnover of trains, the point of lay-up of wagons along the established routes, marked with signs "Service Passage", footpaths, tunnels, passages and crossings, to be attentive at night, with ice and poor visibility;
Comply with the requirements of prohibitory, warning, indicative and prescriptive signs and inscriptions, as well as indications of enclosing traffic lights and signals given by vehicle drivers, locomotive drivers, signalmen and train compilers;
Pass along railway tracks only along the side of the road or in the middle between the tracks, paying attention to the wagons and locomotives moving along the adjacent tracks;
Cross railway tracks only at a right angle, first look at the tracks to the right and left of you and make sure that there is no moving rolling stock in this place;
Cross the railway track occupied by rolling stock, using only vestibules or transitional platforms of cars, checking the serviceability of handrails and footboards and, when getting off, facing the car, having previously examined the place of getting off;
When leaving the transitional platform of the car, hold on to the handrails and position yourself facing the car, having previously examined the place of exit;
Bypass groups of wagons or locomotives standing on the railway track at a distance of at least 5 m from the automatic coupler;
Pass between uncoupled wagons if the distance between the automatic couplers of these wagons is at least 10 m.
1.9. Electromechanics are not allowed while on the railway tracks:
Cross or run across railway tracks in front of moving rolling stock and other vehicles;
Sit on the steps of wagons or locomotives and get off them while moving;
To be on the inter-track between trains when they run non-stop on adjacent tracks;
Cross points equipped with electrical interlocking at the locations of wits and cross fasteners of turnouts;
Stand or sit on the rail;
Stand between the wit and the frame rail or into the gutters on the turnout.
1.10. When entering the railway track from wagons, premises, because of buildings that obstruct the visibility of the railway track, it is necessary, having previously examined the tracks to the right and left of you, to make sure that there is no rolling stock moving along it, and in the dark, in addition, wait until your eyes adjust to the darkness.
1.11. On electrified sections of railways, an electrician is prohibited from approaching energized and unprotected wires or parts of the contact network at a distance of less than 2 m, as well as touching broken wires of the contact network, regardless of whether they touch the ground and grounded structures or not.
If a break in wires or other elements of the contact network is detected, as well as foreign objects hanging from them, the electrician must immediately inform the head of the train, the nearest area of \u200b\u200bthe contact network or the duty officer at the railway station, the train dispatcher.
Before the arrival of the repair team, the dangerous place must be protected by any improvised means and ensure that no one approaches the broken wires at a distance of less than 8 m.
1.12. An electrician is prohibited from climbing onto the roof of a car on electrified sections of railway tracks to perform any work. The ladder for climbing to the roof of the car must be locked with a triangular key and sealed.
1.13. An electrician must comply with the fire safety requirements established by the Instruction for ensuring fire safety in passenger train cars, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on 04.04.1997 N TsL-TsUO-448, and the Fire Safety Rules for railway transport", approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on 11.11.1992 N TsUO-112, including:
Smoking only in places designated and adapted for this purpose;
Do not use open fire for lighting;
Do not use electric heaters in places not equipped for this purpose;
If signs of freezing of pipelines are found, warm them up only with hot water: it is not allowed to warm pipelines with a torch, hot coal, blowtorch;
Know and be able to use primary means firefighting.
1.14. The electrician must be provided with overalls, safety shoes and other PPE in accordance with the order of Russian Railways JSC dated December 28, 2012 N 2738r "On approval of the procedure for providing employees of Russian Railways JSC with personal protective equipment" and the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated October 22, 2008 N 582n "On approval of standard norms free issuance of certified special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment to employees of the railway transport of the Russian Federation employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, as well as in work performed in special temperature conditions or associated with pollution":
suit "Mechanic-L";
yuft boots with polyurethane soles;
raincoat for protection from water;
polymer coated gloves;
dielectric duty boots;
dielectric duty gloves;
signal vest 2 protection class.
When working in unheated rooms or outdoor work in winter, additionally:
suit for protection against low temperatures "Mechanic" - on the belts;
yuft boots insulated with oil and frost-resistant soles in belts I and II;
leather insulated boots "NORTH ZHD" in III, IV and special belts or
felt boots (felt boots) in III, IV and special belts;
galoshes for felt boots (felt boots).
1.15. The electrician must store personal clothing and overalls separately in lockers in the locker room, as well as monitor the serviceability of overalls, hand them over for washing and repair in a timely manner. Lockers must be kept clean and tidy.
1.16. The electrician must observe the rules of personal hygiene, keep hands clean, wash them with warm water and soap.
1.17. On the way, the electrician must observe sanitary requirements to the conditions of storage and eating, drinking water.
Drink only boiled or bottled water.
1.18. Violation of the requirements of this instruction by an electrician entails, depending on the consequences, disciplinary or other liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. Occupational safety requirements before starting work and when preparing cars for a voyage
2.1. The electrician is obliged to come to work dressed in uniform at the time set by the head of the enterprise.
2.2. The electrician must have a certificate for admission to work in electrical installations.
2.3. Before sending the train on a flight, the electrician must: receive targeted instruction, including on safety measures in emergency situations; obtain the necessary documentation, tool kits, measuring instruments and spare parts, as well as a train heating key and dielectric gloves in the amount of at least 2 pairs.
Dielectric gloves must not have mechanical damage, be wet and must have a test stamp. The absence of punctures or tears in dielectric gloves should be checked by twisting them towards the fingers. The presence of air in a rolled glove will indicate its integrity. Wet gloves should be wiped with a dry cloth inside and out. When working with gloves, their edges are not allowed to be tucked.
2.4. Before starting work, the electrician must put on serviceable overalls and safety shoes, put them in order:
Button up the cuffs of the sleeves;
Tuck in the loose ends of the clothing so that they do not hang down.
It is not allowed to wear unbuttoned overalls and rolled up sleeves.
The PPE assigned to the electrician must be in good working order and sized.
Headgear worn in winter should not interfere with good audibility of signals.
2.5. Before disconnecting or connecting the high-voltage line of the head car to the electric locomotive or to the column of the stationary power supply point, the electrician must check that the electric heating mode switches of all cars are set to zero.
2.6. The electrician must connect and disconnect high-voltage connections between the electric locomotive and the head car in dielectric gloves in the obligatory presence of the electric locomotive driver (including those working without an assistant). The driver must have the blocking keys of the switches of the electric locomotive control panel and the reversible handle of the driver's controller.
When connecting and disconnecting high-voltage connections on an electric locomotive, all pantographs must be completely lowered.
After connecting the high-voltage line of the train with the electric locomotive, the electrician must transfer the train heating key to the electric locomotive driver.
From the moment the heating key is handed over to the locomotive driver, the high-voltage line of the train is considered to be under high voltage. The heating key must be kept by the locomotive driver until the need arises for uncoupling the electric locomotive, uncoupling and hitching cars, checking the serviceability of the operation and repairing the high-voltage electrical equipment of the cars.
3. Labor protection requirements while working along the train route
3.1. The electrician must not allow the main stack switch in the switchboard of each car to be set to zero (this will turn off the axle box heating control system). wheelsets), which could lead to an accident.
3.2. Before maintenance and repair of high-voltage and low-voltage electrical equipment of the car, the electrician must turn off the voltage. Close the shield with a key and hang a sign "People are working." Record the progress of work in a journal.
3.3. Switching the power supply of a faulty wagon to an adjacent serviceable wagon (no more than one wagon) must be carried out with the train stopped and with fenced wagons.
3.4. All work on repair, maintenance of electrical protective devices, a generator, an electrician must be carried out only at the train parking lot.
3.5. During parking, when determining the causes of extraneous noise or knocks that arose during the movement of the train, the electrician is prohibited from crawling under the cars of an unguarded train.
3.6. With the indications of the system for monitoring the short circuit of wires to the body of the car, the electrician must determine the circuits with reduced insulation resistance, the places of insulation failure in it and eliminate malfunctions, and if the reason for the decrease in insulation resistance is not identified, turn off the electrical circuit.
3.7. The electrician must put the drive belt on the generator pulley or remove it only after the train has stopped and it has been fenced with stop signals.
3.8. In the presence of voltage in the high-voltage line, it is prohibited:
Open the casing of the heating elements of the boiler;
Repair undercarriage equipment;
Separate intercarriage electrical connections;
Open the undercarriage high-voltage box.
3.9. During inspection of the boiler room and maintenance of the heating installation, the side doors of the vestibule must be locked.
Maintenance of the heating system must be carried out by the electrician wearing gloves.
3.10. It is allowed to add water to the heating system only when the electric heating is switched off at the switchboard.
3.11. When eliminating a water leak from the car’s combined heating boiler and removing accumulated water, the electrician must turn off the high-voltage heaters of the heating boiler by setting the car heating mode switch to the zero position and remove the “heating” fuse or turn off the “heating control” circuit breaker on the car control panel.
3.12. When the train arrives at the station where the locomotive will be changed, the cars will be hitched or uncoupled in the train and the technological operations of connecting and disconnecting the high-voltage line between the head car and the electric locomotive will be performed, the electrician must be in the head car.
3.13. In winter, when the train stops for 15 minutes or more, the electrician can clear snow and ice from the undercarriage equipment only after fixing the train with brake shoes. The brake must be released with a check of the brake pads moving away from the wheels or the brake linings from the brake discs.
To prevent hypothermia and frostbite, the electrician should use work breaks for heating.
When performing work, an electrician must wear a signal vest with reflective stripes, a hat or helmet and goggles.
3.14. Electrician on the route is prohibited:
Repair electrical equipment in the presence of voltage in the repaired circuit;
Use non-standard fuse-links, install fuse-links in fuses that do not meet the nominal values of the protected circuit;
Use temporarily laid cables (wires), spliced by twisting or soldering, both inside the car and from car to car;
Get into the car after the start of movement, as well as get out of the car before the train stops completely;
Open side tambour doors while moving, get down on the steps of the car, lean out of the door or window of the tambour, move from the footboard of one car to the footboard of the next car;
Go down to the steps of the vestibule when the train is moving to monitor the operation of the undercarriage equipment;
To make connection-disconnection of electric inter-car connections through opening aprons of transitional soufflés;
Climb onto the roof of the car when the train is moving, at stops with an unprotected train, in snow, rain, in fog or strong wind, as well as on electrified sections of railway tracks.
3.15. Adjustable wrenches, pliers, screwdrivers and other metalwork tools must be with insulating handles. Unscrewing nuts, requiring the use of great effort, must be done with wrenches with elongated handles. It is not allowed to build up keys and fill the gap between the jaws of the key and the nut with gaskets. It is not allowed to unscrew the nuts with a chisel and hammer.
3.16. To remove the fuse located on the switchboard, the electrician must use a special handle.
Do not replace live fuses.
3.17. It is not allowed to transfer an electrician from a car to a car in the presence of damage to the aprons of the transitional platforms and their clamps, the rubber fencing of the transitions that threaten a safe passage.
When the aprons are raised, they must be lowered smoothly by the action "away from you".
To lower the apron of the neighboring car, you need to get out of the car, go to the next car and lower the apron with the "away" action.
When moving from car to car, it is necessary to stand on the upper surface of the apron, and hold on to the special bracket of the inter-car soufflé with your hand.
In winter, transitional platforms can be covered with ice and snow, so you need to stand on the surface of the platform with your entire foot.
Doors must be closed and opened only by the door handles.
It is not allowed to hold on to the door grooves, external bars, and also to close the side vestibule doors from the outside, holding on to the bars.
3.18. In the absence of a high platform, before leaving the car, the electrician must raise the folding platform and securely fasten it to the lock. If the flap does not open by spring action, lift the flap manually while at a safe distance from it.
3.19. When inspecting and repairing carriage equipment, it is not allowed to stand on folding tables, door handles, rest your feet against the walls and partitions of the carriage, and also use stepladders while the train is moving.
3.20. For additional lighting, an electrician must use a portable lamp with a safety net and a lamp with a voltage of not more than 42 V or a portable lamp with an autonomous power source.
3.21. In order to ensure fire safety en route, an electrician is prohibited from:
Turn on the power and lighting network in the presence of faulty electrical equipment, when heating devices or individual places on the control panel;
Turn on electric stoves and other electrical appliances that are not provided for by the electric circuit of the car;
Store foreign objects in niches with electrical equipment, store combustible materials near heating devices, lamps and household electrical appliances provided for by the design of the car;
Turn on electric heaters of water-filling and drain pipes that do not have automatic shutdown devices for more than 15 - 20 minutes;
To include in manual mode heating the car with electric heating for more than 30 minutes;
Turn on electric heaters when ventilation is not working and allow air to heat up above 28 ° C;
Leave inter-car electrical connections (plugs, heads) not put into idle sockets and protective boxes;
Operate faulty batteries and charge them in an unspecified way;
Close transitional tambour doors in case of a faulty ringing signal on the internal lock.
3.22. When performing shunting work, the electrician in the car must stop working, sit on the sofa and not perform any work until the train stops completely.
4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations
4.1. Actions of an electromechanic in the event of accidents and emergencies
4.1.1. Emergency situations may occur along the route of a passenger train, including:
Forced stop of the train (malfunction of the locomotive or wagons, power outage, malfunction of the railway track);
Break of a train on the way, rolling stock derailment;
A fire in a train carriage that could lead to a fire or explosion;
Breakage of the contact wire;
Detection of explosive devices, other suspicious items.
4.1.2. In the event of a forced stop of a passenger train, its rupture along the way or derailment of the train, an electrician, at the direction of the head of the train, performing operations for uncoupling and hitching cars in the train, securing and fencing the train, checking the condition of couplers in disconnected cars, replacing brake hoses , control testing of the brakes must comply with the following safety requirements:
When securing the rolling stock on the tracks, use serviceable brake shoes;
When inserting and removing the brake shoes, hold on to the car frame with one hand;
During the control testing of the brakes, smoothly open the end valve, holding the brake hose near the head with one hand;
The uncoupling and hitching of wagons in the train is to be carried out under the supervision of the head of the train;
Perform work in gloves and move along the train along the side of the railway track.
4.1.3. If smoke is detected in the car, the smell of smoke or open fire appears while the train is running, the electrician, together with members of the train crew, must act in accordance with the Instructions for Ensuring Fire Safety in Passenger Train Cars, approved by the Ministry of Railways of Russia on 04.04.1997 N TsL-TsUO-448:
Stop the train with a stop crane, except when the train is in a tunnel, on a bridge, viaduct, aqueduct, overpass, under the bridge and in other places that do not allow the evacuation of passengers from the car and prevent fire extinguishing;
De-energize the car, except for the emergency lighting circuit at night;
Open the vestibule side and end doors and fasten them to the latches;
Open the doors of all compartments, announce and organize the evacuation of passengers through the vestibule doors to neighboring cars;
If it is impossible to evacuate passengers through vestibule doors, break or open emergency exits (windows) and evacuate passengers through them;
After making sure that passengers have been completely evacuated from the car, it is mandatory to remove the fuse located in the box on the battery box in order to completely de-energize the car;
Start extinguishing the fire with a fire extinguisher or other fire extinguishing means before the arrival of the territorial fire department or fire train, and after the arrival of the command staff of the fire department at the scene, be guided by his instructions;
In the event that the occurrence of a fire is detected when the train is in places that exclude its stop, the train must be stopped immediately after passing through these places, followed by all the above actions.
4.1.4. An electrician must uncouple a train with a burning car in the following sequence:
Take the train heating key from the locomotive driver or his assistant and disconnect the high-voltage line of the electric locomotive and the head car of the train in accordance with clause 2.6 of this instruction;
Raise the transition platforms and disconnect the inter-car connections from both ends of the burning car;
Shut off the end valves and disconnect the brake hoses of the burning and neighboring cars from the side of the tail section of the train;
Activate the auto brake of the tail part of the train left in place;
Set the automatic coupler lever of the burning car on the side of the rear of the train to the uncoupling position;
Move the head of the train together with the burning electric locomotive to a distance of at least 10 m from the tail of the train;
Shut off the end valves, disconnect the brake hoses of the burning and neighboring cars from the side of the head of the train;
Activate the auto brakes of the burning car by fully opening the end valve;
Set the automatic coupling lever of the burning car in the uncoupling position;
Move the head of the train to a distance of at least 15 m from the burning car.
4.1.5. When uncoupling the tail section of the train and the burning car, fencing the train on the haul, the electrician must give the locomotive driver the signals established by the "Instruction on Signaling on the Railway Transport of the Russian Federation".
4.1.6. When extinguishing a fire, an electrician should use only foam carbon dioxide and powder fire extinguishers. It is not allowed to direct a jet of carbon dioxide or powder from a fire extinguisher towards people.
If foam gets on unprotected areas of the body, wipe it off with a handkerchief or other material and rinse with an aqueous solution of soda.
When extinguishing with carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, it is not allowed to take the bell with an unprotected hand and bring the bell closer than 2 m to the flame.
When extinguishing with powder fire extinguishers, it is not allowed to bring the spray gun closer than 1 m to the flame.
4.1.7. It is allowed to extinguish burning objects with water and air-foam fire extinguishers only with the permission of the work manager or other responsible person after removing the voltage from the contact network and grounding it.
It is allowed to extinguish burning objects located at a distance of more than 7 m from the contact wire, without removing the voltage from the contact network. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the jet of water or foam solution does not come close to the contact network and other live parts at a distance of less than 2 m in accordance with the Electrical Safety Rules for employees of JSC "Russian Railways" when servicing electrified railways, approved by the order of JSC "Russian Railways" 07/03/2008 N 12176.
4.1.8. When extinguishing a flame with a felt mat, it is covered so that the fire from under the felt does not fall on the extinguishing person.
4.1.9. When extinguishing a flame with sand, do not raise the scoop, shovel to eye level to avoid getting sand into them.
4.1.10. It is not allowed for passengers to leave the car if a contact wire that has fallen on the car or next to it is under voltage. If there is a threat of fire in the car, it is necessary to leave it without touching the outer parts of the car with your hands. From the footboard to the ground, you must jump with both feet at once. To move away from the car, until the voltage is removed from the contact wire, you can only jump or take small steps, not exceeding the length of the foot, without taking your feet off the ground, so as not to fall under the "stepping voltage".
In case of electric shock, it is necessary to release the victim from the action of electric current as soon as possible (turn off the electrical installation that the victim touches with a switch, knife switch or other disconnecting device, as well as removing fuses or a plug connector), while observing safety measures and not touching the victim with bare hands while under current.
To separate the victim from current-carrying parts or wires with voltage up to 1000 V, you must use a rope, stick, board or some other dry object that does not conduct electric current. It is possible to drag the victim away from current-carrying parts by the clothes (if it is dry and lags behind the body), while avoiding touching the surrounding metal objects and parts of the victim’s body that are not covered by clothing. You can drag the victim by the legs, while the assisting person should not touch his shoes or clothes without electrical protection for his hands, since shoes and clothes can be damp and be conductors of electric current. You can isolate yourself from the action of electric current by standing on a dry board. When separating the victim from the current-carrying parts, it is necessary to act with one hand.
If an electric current passes into the ground through the victim, squeezing a live wire in his hand, it is necessary to interrupt the action of the electric current as follows:
Separate the victim from the ground (put a dry board under him or pull his legs off the ground with a rope or clothing);
Cut the wire with an ax with a dry wooden handle;
Cut the wire using a tool with insulating handles (cutters, pliers).
If the victim is at a height, then turning off the installation and thereby releasing the victim from the action of the current can cause him to fall from a height. In this case, measures must be taken to prevent further injury.
At voltages above 1000 V, to separate the victim from live parts, it is necessary to use protective equipment: put on dielectric gloves and boots and use a rod or insulating tongs designed for this voltage.
4.1.11. Upon detection of suspicious objects (orphan things, foreign objects, etc.), the electrician must isolate passengers from access to them and immediately inform the head of the train, members of the train crew and law enforcement officers about this.
It is forbidden to carry out any actions with detected suspicious objects.
4.1.12. Upon receipt of information about a terrorist act being prepared on a train, an electrician must immediately inform the head of the train or, via train radio communication, the duty officer of the nearest railway station and law enforcement officials.
4.2. Electrician's first aid actions
4.2.1. In accordance with the requirements of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated May 4, 2012 N 477n "On approval of the list of conditions under which first aid is provided and the list of first aid measures," first aid is provided to the victim if he has the following conditions:
Lack of consciousness;
Respiratory and circulatory arrest;
external bleeding;
Foreign bodies of the upper respiratory tract;
Injuries to various areas of the body;
Burns, effects of exposure to high temperatures, thermal radiation;
Frostbite and other effects of exposure to low temperatures;
Poisoning.
4.2.2. Measures to assess the situation and ensure safe conditions for first aid:
Determination of threatening factors for one's own life and health and for the life and health of the victim (is there gas contamination, the threat of an explosion, fire, building collapse, electric shock, moving mechanisms, etc.);
Elimination of threatening factors for life and health (subject to ensuring one's own safety);
Termination of the effect of damaging factors on the victim;
Estimation of the number of victims;
Extraction of the victim from the vehicle or other hard-to-reach places;
Relocation of the victim (carried out only in cases where assistance at the scene is not possible).
After the implementation of the above measures, you must immediately call an ambulance or other special service, whose employees are required to provide first aid in accordance with federal law or with a special rule.
4.2.3. It is necessary to determine the presence of consciousness in the victim (answers questions or not).
4.2.4. Measures to restore the patency of the respiratory tract and determine the signs of life in the victim:
Throwing the victim's head back with a chin lift;
Extension of the lower jaw (open the victim's mouth);
Determination of the presence of breathing with the help of hearing, sight and touch;
Determination of the presence of blood circulation by checking the pulse on the main arteries.
When assessing the condition of the victim, it is also necessary to pay attention to the condition of the visible skin and mucous membranes (redness, pallor, cyanosis, jaundice, the presence of wounds, burn blisters, etc.), as well as the posture (natural or unnatural).
4.2.5. If the victim does not answer questions and is motionless, the pupils do not react to light (the normal reaction of the pupil to light: when dark - expands, when illuminated - narrows) and he has no pulse on the carotid or other accessible artery, it is necessary to immediately start resuscitation .
4.2.6. Rules for conducting cardiopulmonary resuscitation
4.2.6.1. The victim must be laid on a flat hard surface, the chest should be freed from clothing and begin to conduct an external heart massage and artificial respiration.
4.2.6.2. External heart massage is performed with arms straightened at the elbow joints with palms folded one on top of the other by pressing with sharp shocks on the region of the lower third of the sternum. The depth of pushing through the chest is at least 3-4 cm, the frequency of pressing is 60-70 times per minute.
4.2.6.3. Before performing artificial respiration, it is necessary, by wrapping a finger with gauze or a handkerchief, to clean the victim's mouth from foreign bodies (blood clots, mucus, vomit, broken teeth, etc.)
4.2.6.4. When performing artificial respiration using the "mouth to mouth" method, it is necessary to pinch the victim's nose, grab the chin and extend the lower jaw (open the victim's mouth), throw back his head and make a quick full exhalation into the mouth. The lips of the person performing artificial respiration (through gauze or a handkerchief) should be tightly pressed to the mouth of the victim.
After the victim's chest has expanded sufficiently, the inhalation is stopped - the chest subsides, which corresponds to exhalation.
4.2.6.5. In the case when the victim's jaws are tightly compressed, it is better to use the "mouth to nose" method. To do this, the victim's head must be tilted back and held with one hand placed on the crown of the head, and with the other, raise the lower jaw and close the mouth.
Having taken a deep breath, the person performing artificial respiration should tightly, through gauze or a handkerchief, clasp the victim's nose with his lips and make a quick full exhalation.
4.2.6.6. It is more hygienic and more convenient to perform artificial respiration with the help of special devices included in the first aid kit, in accordance with the requirements of the instructions attached to them.
4.2.6.7. For each respiratory movement, there should be 3-5 massage movements of the heart.
4.2.6.8. Resuscitation measures must be carried out before the arrival of medical personnel or until the victim has a pulse and spontaneous breathing.
4.2.7. Measures to maintain airway patency:
Giving the victim a stable lateral position;
Head tilt with chin lift;
Extension of the lower jaw (open the victim's mouth).
4.2.8. Measures for a general examination of the victim and a temporary stop of external bleeding:
General examination of the victim for the presence of bleeding;
Finger pressing of the artery;
tourniquet;
Maximum flexion of the limb in the joint;
Direct pressure on the wound;
Applying a pressure bandage.
4.2.8.1. With venous bleeding, the blood is dark, flows out in a continuous stream. The way to stop bleeding is to apply a pressure bandage in the wound area, lifting the affected part of the body.
4.2.8.2. With severe arterial bleeding - scarlet blood, flows out quickly in a pulsating or gushing stream. The method of stopping bleeding is squeezing the artery with your fingers, followed by the application of a tourniquet, twisting or sharp bending of the limb in the joint with its fixation in this position.
4.2.8.3. A tourniquet is applied to the limbs above the injury site, circling it around the limb raised up, previously wrapped with some kind of soft tissue (bandage, gauze), and tied with a knot on the outside of the limb. After the first turn of the tourniquet, it is necessary to press the vessel below the place where the tourniquet was applied with your fingers and make sure that there is no pulse. The next turns of the tourniquet are applied with less effort.
4.2.8.4. When applying a tourniquet to the neck, it is required to put a tampon (package of bandage) on the wound, raise the victim's hand from the opposite side of the wound and apply a tourniquet so that the coil of the tourniquet simultaneously covers the arm and neck, pressing the tampon on it. After that, you need to urgently call a doctor.
4.2.8.5. When applying a tourniquet (twisting), a note must be placed under it indicating the time of its application. The tourniquet can be applied for no more than one hour.
4.2.9. Measures for a detailed examination of the victim in order to identify signs of injuries and provide first aid for them:
Carrying out a head examination;
Examination of the neck;
Carrying out a breast examination;
Performing a back examination
Examination of the abdomen and pelvis;
Examination of limbs;
Applying dressings for injuries of various areas of the body, including occlusive (sealing) for chest wounds;
Carrying out immobilization (using improvised means, auto-immobilization, using medical products);
Fixation of the cervical spine (manually, with improvised means, using medical products).
4.2.9.1. In the case of a penetrating wound of the chest, with each breath of the victim, air is sucked into the wound with a whistle, and when exhaled, it exits with noise. It is necessary to apply an occlusive (sealing) bandage as soon as possible - close the wound with a napkin (if possible sterile) with a thick layer of gauze, and fix a piece of oilcloth or any other material that does not allow air to pass over it.
4.2.9.2. In case of fractures, dislocations, it is necessary to immobilize (immobilize) the damaged part of the body using a splint (standard or made from improvised means - boards, slats, sticks, plywood) wrapped in soft material, and fix it with a bandage so as to ensure the immobility of the damaged area body.
With a closed fracture, the splint must be applied over clothing. With open fractures, it is necessary to bandage the wound before applying the splint.
The splint must be positioned so that it does not lie over the wound and does not press on the protruding bone.
4.2.9.3. In the absence of a splint, it is necessary to apply autoimmobilization (immobilization using a healthy part of the victim's body), bandaging the injured leg to a healthy one and laying soft material between them (folded clothes, cotton wool, foam rubber).
4.2.9.4. When falling from a height, if there is a suspicion that the victim has a broken spine (sharp pain in the spine at the slightest movement), lay it on a flat solid shield or a wide board (a door removed from its hinges).
It must be remembered that the victim with a fracture of the spine should be carefully transferred from the ground to the shield, laying the victim on his side, put the shield next to him and roll the victim onto it.
A victim with a spinal injury must not be planted or put on his feet.
4.2.9.5. In case of pain in the cervical spine, it is necessary to fix the head and neck (manually, with improvised means, using medical devices).
4.2.9.6. If the victim's head is damaged, lay him on his back, put a tight bandage on his head (if there is a wound - sterile), put a cold object and ensure complete rest until the doctors arrive.
4.2.9.7. In case of sprain, it is necessary to apply a tight bandage and a cold compress to the sprain.
It is not allowed to make any attempts to reduce the injured limb.
4.2.9.8. In case of wounds, it is not allowed to wash the wound with water, pour alcohol and any other solutions into the wound, remove sand, earth, stones and other foreign bodies from the wound, apply a sterile bandage.
It is not allowed to apply cotton wool directly to the wound.
4.2.9.9. With all types of mechanical injuries, the victim must be taken to the nearest medical facility.
4.2.10. Thermal burns
4.2.10.1. With first-degree burns, there is redness and slight swelling of the skin. Second-degree burns form blisters filled with fluid. With third-degree burns, tissue necrosis is observed.
In case of a thermal burn of 1 and 2 degrees without violating the integrity of the burn blisters, cool the burnt part of the body with a stream of cold water (within 10-15 minutes). This helps to prevent the effects of heat on the body and reduce pain. Then, a sterile, better cotton-gauze dressing should be applied to the burn surface using a dressing bag or sterile napkins and a bandage. In the absence of sterile dressings, you can use a clean cloth, sheet, towel, underwear.
In case of a thermal burn with a violation of the integrity of the burn blisters, it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage to the burned area.
Do not lubricate the burned area with fat and ointments, open or pierce blisters.
4.2.10.2. For third-degree burns, apply a sterile bandage to the burnt area and immediately send the victim to the nearest medical facility.
It is forbidden to lubricate the burnt place with fat, oils or ointments, to tear off parts of clothing burnt to the skin. The victim must be given plenty of fluids.
4.2.11. In case of burns with acids, alkalis, poisons, the burned area of the body should be washed with clean water. Apply a sterile dressing to the burned area of the body and send the victim to the nearest medical facility.
4.2.12. poisoning
4.2.12.1. In case of poisoning with gases, aerosols, vapors of harmful substances, the victim must be taken to fresh air or fresh air must be provided to the room by opening windows and doors, free from clothing that restricts breathing, and call medical personnel.
4.2.12.2. In case of poisoning with a cauterizing poison (concentrated solutions of acids and alkalis) through the gastrointestinal tract, it is recommended to give the victim chilled water before the arrival of an ambulance.
In case of severe pain in the abdomen, bloody vomiting, the victim should be laid down and ice or a cold object should be applied to the epigastric region.
4.2.12.3. In all cases of poisoning, the victim must be sent to the nearest medical facility.
4.2.13. Eye injury
4.2.13.1. In case of eye injuries with sharp or piercing objects, as well as eye injuries with severe bruises, the victim should be urgently sent to the nearest medical facility.
Objects that get into the eyes should not be removed from the eye, so as not to further damage it. Cover the eye (both eyes) with a sterile bandage.
4.2.13.2. If dust or powder gets into eyes, rinse them with a gentle stream of running water.
4.2.13.3. For eye burns chemicals, it is necessary to open the eyelids and rinse the eyes abundantly for 5-7 minutes with a weak stream of running water, after which the victim should be sent to the nearest medical facility.
4.2.13.4. In case of eye burns with hot water, steam, eye rinsing is not carried out. A sterile bandage is applied to the eye (both eyes) and the victim is sent to the nearest medical facility.
4.2.14. Hypothermia and frostbite
4.2.14.1. In case of hypothermia, the victim must be taken to a warm room as soon as possible. Cover the victim warmly or put on warm dry clothes. Give warm sweet drink.
4.2.14.2. In case of frostbite, the victim should be taken to a room with a low temperature. Do not remove clothes and shoes from frostbitten limbs. Cover injured limbs from external heat with a chilled heat-insulating bandage. It is impossible to accelerate the external warming of frostbitten parts (warmth should arise inside with the restoration of blood circulation). Give the victim plenty of warm water.
Do not rub or lubricate frostbitten skin with anything, put frostbitten limbs in warm water or cover them with heating pads.
If blisters appear during frostbite, it is necessary to bandage the frostbitten area with dry sterile material. It is not allowed to open and puncture bubbles.
4.2.14.3. In all cases, the victim should be sent to the nearest medical facility.
4.2.15. electrical injury
4.2.15.1. In case of electric shock, the victim may stop breathing and stop cardiac activity.
In the absence of breathing, start artificial ventilation of the lungs, in the absence of breathing and cessation of cardiac activity, apply artificial respiration and chest compressions.
Artificial respiration and indirect heart massage are done until the victim's natural breathing is restored or until the doctor arrives.
If the victim has a thermal burn, apply a sterile bandage to the affected area of the skin.
4.2.15.2. The victim of electric shock, regardless of his state of health and lack of complaints, should be sent to the nearest medical facility.
5. Requirements for labor protection at the end of work
5.1. Upon arrival at the point of return, the electrician must make an entry in the trip sheet or journal about the malfunctions that occurred along the route.
5.2. After the delivery of the composition and registration of applications for repairs, the electrician must:
Report all malfunctions and shortcomings noticed during work, and the measures taken to eliminate them, to inform the head of the train;
Hand over the train heating key, dielectric gloves, tools and other devices to the picking pantry;
Take off and put away work clothes in the locker room.
5.3. The electrician must hand over dirty and faulty shoes and overalls for washing, dry cleaning or repair.
5.4. After work, the electrician must wash his hands with soap or take a shower.
To protect and clean the skin, an electrician must use flushing and neutralizing agents in accordance with the Norms for the free issuance of flushing and (or) neutralizing agents to employees of Russian Railways and methodological recommendations on the selection and use of flushing and neutralizing agents for employees of Russian Railways, approved by order of Russian Railways of December 17, 2012 N 2587r.
Do not use kerosene or other toxic petroleum products to clean skin and PPE.
MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
INSTRUCTIONS
ELECTROMECHANICS
PASSENGER TRAIN
PKB TsL
1.1 The instruction to the electrician of a passenger train (hereinafter referred to as the electrician) defines the rights and obligations for the maintenance of passenger cars.
1.2 Qualified specialists who have previously worked for at least one year in one of the following specialties may be appointed as an electrician: a wagon repairman, an electrician or a conductor of a passenger car.
Qualified specialists with at least 2 years of work experience in their specialty after passing examinations by a commission chaired by the head of the passenger department of the railway department or the Passenger Service Directorate are appointed to work as an electrician of a high-speed passenger train.
1.3 Persons employed by an electrician undergo a medical commission in accordance with the procedure established by the Ministry of Railways of Russia;
1.4 The electrician in the performance of his duties must be guided by the requirements:
- this Instruction;
- federal law"Transport charter of the railways of the Russian Federation";
- Rules technical operation Railways of the Russian Federation (PTE);
- Alarm instructions on railways Russian Federation;
- Instructions for the movement of trains and shunting work on the railways of the Russian Federation;
- Regulations on the discipline of employees of railway transport of the Russian Federation;
- Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE), Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers and Safety regulations for the operation of electrical installations of consumers (PTB) of the State Energy Supervision Authority, Safety regulations for railway transport of the Russian Federation in the amount established for electricians;
Instructions for ensuring fire safety in carriages of passenger trains;
- Rules of fire safety in railway transport;
- Instructions for the maintenance of passenger cars;
- Instructions for the maintenance and operation of structures, devices, rolling stock and traffic organizations in the areas of circulation of high-speed passenger trains;
Instructions for the maintenance of equipment for passenger cars of mainline railways,
- Instructions to the head of the passenger train;
- Instructions for the operation of electric and combined heating of cars of passenger and mail-luggage trains and other regulatory legal and other acts related to the activities of an electrician.
1.5 In the process of training, an electrician undergoes train practice, and upon arrival for a permanent job in a business or area, they undergo an internship with a total duration of at least thirty days.
Electromechanics who have completed an internship and passed exams are assigned a qualification group of at least V in accordance with the Unified Tariff and Qualification Reference Book of Works and Professions of Workers.
1.6 The electrician reports directly to the head of the train electricians of the enterprise, and on the way to the head of the passenger train; in the absence of the head of the train, the electrician performs his duties. The electrician also monitors the operation of carriage equipment by conductors of passenger carriages, employees of club carriages, technical propaganda carriages, carriages with video salons, carriages with a cafe-buffet, restaurant carriages, postal and other carriages following as part of a passenger train and, if necessary, provides them with technical assistance in the operation of carriage equipment.
1.7 The mode of work and rest for electricians on the flight is regulated by the schedule of work and rest, developed for each train in relation to local conditions.
Responsibilities of an electrician when preparing a train for a flight
2.1 The electrician must arrive at work at the time set by the head of the enterprise.
2.2 Upon going to work, the electrician must receive instruction, familiarize himself with the new regulatory, legal and other acts and sign in the appropriate journal. Get a trip sheet, the form of which is given in Appendix A of this Instruction, a route sheet, a set of tools, measuring instruments and necessary spare parts in accordance with Appendix B, dielectric gloves, and a train heating key.
2.3 Having become acquainted with the scope of repairs and the technical condition of the train cars according to the entries in the Logs of acceptance, delivery and technical condition of the equipment of the passenger car VU-Z form or in the electrician's trip sheet, proceeds to inspect the composition and control the conduct Maintenance wagons in the volume of TO-1.
When inspecting the wagons in the composition, the equipment and serviceability are checked:
electrical equipment, including high-voltage;
electric heating and electrical measuring instruments;
air conditioning and forced ventilation installations;
hand brake and transitional platforms;
heating systems (during the heating period) and water supply;
generator drives;
fire alarm installations (UPS), fire extinguishing; alarm system for monitoring the short circuit of wires on the car body;
self-actuating powder fire extinguisher in the electrical equipment control panel;
kitchen stove equipment for dining cars;
drinking water cooler, household refrigerators;
axle box heating control systems (SKNB);
2.4 If faults are found during the verification process, the electrician submits an application with a list of faults to the senior and shift foremen of the respective sections.
2.5 It is forbidden to accept wagons if they have faulty electrical equipment, a axle box heating control system, fire alarm installations, a generator drive, a discharged battery, faulty or missing inter-car electrical connections, in case of current leakage to the car body, with non-working refrigerators, without generator drive drive belts and other malfunctions that threaten traffic safety or fire safety, as well as without primary fire extinguishing equipment and self-actuating powder fire extinguishers.
Do not allow cars with faulty forced ventilation, air conditioning, SKNB, fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems to enter the passenger train.
2.6 When a passenger train is accepted by a permanent commission, an electrician, together with foremen (foremen) or senior inspectors, performs a control check of passenger cars.
At the same time, they check:
visually the state of control panels, switchboards (from the front and mounting sides), automation panels, regulators, car electric power consumers, package switches, toggle switches and automatic switches;
the state of isolation of car electrical circuits by signal lamps or LEDs of the system for monitoring the short circuit of wires to the car body;
selectively match the ratings of the fuse links to the values indicated on the control panel or switchboard and on the electrical diagram;
the presence of seals on control, protection devices, control resistors and other equipment, where sealing is provided for by the design of the device or specified in the operational documentation; devices with a broken or missing seal are considered faulty and must be replaced or checked at the appropriate stands;
the degree of charge of the batteries as indicated by the voltmeter;
for this, it is necessary to turn on the forced ventilation electric motor and the converter for fluorescent lighting or incandescent lamps; a sign of the battery charge is the constancy of its voltage after the load is turned on; voltage drop below the minimum value indicates that the battery is discharged. In this case, it is necessary to recharge it;
operability of ventilation units in all operating modes
serviceability of signal tail lights, emergency lighting, spotlights, table lamps and their switches;
2.7 During the control check of the undercarriage equipment, the condition of the generator units, their suspension and the tension of the belts are checked. With a flat belt drive, attention is paid to the correctness and strength of the stitching, the absence of tears, delaminations in the belt and the alignment of the pulleys. In the case of a visible displacement of the drive pulley, an application is made for its remounting.
2.8 The V-belt drive is checked for the presence of a complete set of belts, their degree of tension.
2.9 For gear-cardan drives of all types, check the absence of oil leakage, the reliability of fastening of the gearbox, cardan shaft to the flanges of the gearbox and generator, as well as the fastening of safety brackets.
2.10 When inspecting battery and hardware boxes, they check the tightness of the covers, the integrity of the gaskets, the serviceability of the locks, ventilation deflectors and explosion-proof valves.
2.11 Check the operation of the electrical equipment of the refrigeration units of air conditioning units, refrigerated cabinets and technological equipment carriages with cafe-buffets and dining carriages.
2.12 High voltage electrical equipment is inspected in the absence of voltage on it. The electrician checks the inter-car connections of the head and tail cars, the presence and serviceability of grounding devices and the operation of the control automation. It must be present when measuring the insulation resistance of the wagon line and connecting it to voltage from a stationary train heating station or an electric locomotive in accordance with the Instructions for the Operation of Electric and Combined Heating of Passenger Cars and Mail and Luggage Trains.
2.13 After the acceptance of the composition by the permanent commission of the wagon registry enterprise, the electrician checks the performance of work to eliminate the shortcomings found by the commission according to the entries in the VU-8 form log, which must contain the signatures of the workers who performed the repair.
2.14 The electrician is obliged to monitor the preparation of cars for boarding passengers. Before boarding, the cars must be provided with the required temperature and lighting at night.
2.15 Prior to the departure of the train from the formation or turnover track, the electrician is obliged to personally verify that the tail signal lights are in good condition.
3 Responsibilities of the electrician on the train route
3.1 After the train departs for the flight from the passenger station of the formation or turnover point, the electrician controls the operation of the electrical equipment:
checks the serviceability of the tail signal lights on the tail car;
examines the electrical equipment inside the car and on the outside of the panels and control panels;
writes down the readings of electrical measuring instruments in the trip sheet;
checks the operation of the circuits of electricity consumers, the heating alarm of roller axle boxes and fire alarm installations;
checks the state of insulation of electrical equipment by signaling a short circuit to the case;
controls the operation of high voltage electrical equipment;
conducts additional briefing of wagon conductors on the specifics of operating a particular type of wagon directly at the conductor's workplace.
3.2 After 3-4 hours of movement of a passenger train from the point of formation or turnover, the electrician must check the readings of electrical measuring instruments and record in the trip sheet of the electrician the current of the battery charge, its voltage, the voltage of the generator and the lighting network of each passenger car of the train.
3.3 The control over the operation of the electric equipment of the cars with the recording of the readings of electrical measuring instruments is carried out along the route at least three times a day.
3.4 When the fuses in the circuit of the generator, storage battery or any consumer are triggered, the electrician identifies the cause of the trip, eliminates it, replaces the fuse link and checks the operation of the car's electrical equipment. If failures along the way cannot be eliminated, at the nearest train stop, electricity consumers switch to power supply from the neighboring serviceable car.
When switching to the power supply of a passenger car (no more than one) from a serviceable neighboring car, the electrician must first make sure that the electrical equipment of the car from which it is supposed to take electricity is in full working order. In the absence of positive current leaks to the body in both cars, connect the inter-car connections and turn on the package switches on the boards or consoles of both cars, respectively “Supply to the main line” and “Reception from the main line”. After that, at least 15 minutes. continuous monitoring of the operation of the electrical equipment of both cars should be carried out.
The transfer of electricity consumer circuits to power from another passenger car is drawn up by an act of any form signed by the head of the train, electrician, conductor, head or deputy head of the emergency and serviceable mail car.
On wagons without an emergency lighting main, in the event of a power supply system failure and the impossibility of restoring its operability, the electrician informs the head of the train about this.
3.5 If a blown fuse is detected in the excitation winding circuit of the DC generator, it is allowed to remove the seal at the car stops, open the casing of the carbon voltage regulator and replace the fuse, which must be documented in the FMU-73 form signed by the head and the electrician of the train. When the fuses in the excitation winding circuit of the generator are triggered again, the consumers are fed from a serviceable passenger car.
3.6 The operated current protection device in the circuit of any consumer of electricity is restored by the electrician after checking the circuit. Found defects are eliminated. In the event of repeated operation of the current protection device, the circuit of electricity consumers is disconnected from the power supply system until the cause of the failure at the point of formation or turnover is clarified.
3.7 The operability of electric power consumer circuits is checked while the car is in motion by turning them on from the control panel of the car’s electrical equipment and observing the readings of electrical measuring instruments and alarms.
3.8 The electrician participates in the inspection of the undercarriage equipment produced by the employees of the maintenance points (PTO). At intermediate stations, the electrician finds out the causes of extraneous noise or knocks that occur during the movement of the train. Checks the fastening of the generator, the generator drive, boxes with electrical equipment, the condition of the terminal boxes, cables, detachable connections, the fastening of temperature sensors on axle boxes, battery box deflectors. Upon detection of failures of the equipment located under the car, or the unsatisfactory condition of its safety devices, it takes measures to ensure traffic safety by the train crew (at intermediate stations) or together with the employees of the maintenance department.
3.9 When the indications of the system for monitoring the short circuit of wires to the body of the car indicate a decrease in the insulation resistance in the electrical circuits of the car, the electrician at the stops must determine the circuits with reduced insulation resistance and the places of insulation failure in them.
If it is impossible to identify the reason for the decrease in the insulation resistance of the electrical circuit during the flight, the circuit is turned off.
In a high-speed train, when the SKNB is triggered or if another malfunction of the car is detected that threatens the safety of train traffic and the lives of passengers, the electrician must immediately inform the head of the train, who, by radio, transmits a message to the locomotive driver about the need to immediately stop the train. If it is not possible to transmit such a message to the locomotive driver, the train must be stopped by a stop crane.
In all cases, if the axle box heating control system fails, the electrician instructs the conductors of the cars at train stops to check the heating of the axle boxes in accordance with the Instructions for the conductor of passenger cars.
3.10 In the event of a train stop after the axle box heating control system has been activated, the electrician and the head of the train must personally check the temperature of the axle boxes by touch.
With significant heating of the axle box, the electrician, the head of the train and the locomotive driver set a safe mode of movement to the nearest station or maintenance station, where the wheel pair is rolled out from under the car for a complete revision of the axle box in order to determine the cause of heating.
In case of failure of the thermal sensor (break) of the SKNB, the carriage is allowed to move to the nearest PTO with one temporarily shunted thermal sensor.
If the circuit of any fire detector fails at night (the control unit signals a fire or a malfunction), it is allowed to temporarily operate the unit with the acoustic alarm turned off until daylight hours, and if it is impossible to establish and eliminate the cause of the failure of the detector circuit during daylight hours - to the point of formation or turnover. In this case, it is necessary to systematically check the premises and the condition of the equipment at the location of the failed fire detector.
In all these cases, an act of the form FMU-73 is drawn up in two copies signed by the head of the train, the electrician and the conductor of the car.
3.11 When checking the operation of electrical equipment, the main batch switch of the power supply system must not be set to the zero position, since the heating control systems for roller axle boxes, the installation of fire alarms, automation targets, and the alarm are turned off in this case.
3.12 In the event of a fire or a fire in a passenger car, an electrician must act in accordance with the Instructions for Ensuring Fire Safety in Passenger Train Cars and, together with the head of the train, take over the area in the evacuation of passengers and extinguishing the fire.
3.13 On the way of the train, when inspecting train sets, changing locomotives, as well as at the point of turnover and formation, the electrician together with locomotive brigade or employees of these points connects high-voltage connections to the locomotive. When setting up the composition of the electric heating floor at the station from a stationary high-voltage power supply point, the electrician connects and disconnects the high-voltage line in accordance with local instructions.
3.14 In the event of a malfunction of electrical equipment that cannot be eliminated along the way, the electrician, through the head of the train, must submit an application for repairs at the depot (on the section) of the turnover or formation point.
3.15 In the event that PTO employees at intermediate stations or turnover points detect malfunctions that require replacement of wheel sets or dismantling of the gear-cardan drive, an act FMU-73 is drawn up indicating the malfunction; at the same time, the dismantled parts of the gear-cardan drive are delivered to the passenger train formation point. Act FMU-73 must be signed by a PTO employee, a train supervisor or an electrician.
3.16 Electromechanics on the route is prohibited from:
repair electrical equipment in the presence of voltage in the repaired circuit;
use non-standard fuse-links, install fuse-links in fuses that do not correspond to the nominal values of the protected circuit;
work with equipment located under the car on an unprotected train;
lay temporary cables (wires) both inside the car and from car to car.
Similar information.
0.1. The document comes into force from the moment of its approval.
0.2. Document developer: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
0.3. Document approved: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
0.4. Periodic verification of this document is carried out at intervals not exceeding 3 years.
1. General Provisions
1.1. The position "Train electrician of the 6th category" belongs to the category "Workers".
1.2. Qualifications- complete or basic general secondary education. Vocational education. Training. At least 1 year of work experience in the profession of a train electromechanic of the 5th category.
1.3. Knows and applies:
- kinematic, electrical diagrams and structure of equipment and installations of passenger cars of all types served;
- specifications individual parts and assemblies, installations and devices of cars;
- rules, technical instructions, manufacturer's instructions, tolerances and operation standards that are allowed during the operation and repair of car parts and assemblies;
- the structure and design of instrumentation, devices and tools used during the maintenance, repair and testing of passenger car units, the rules for using them;
- basics of electrical engineering and mechanics;
- order technical training train cars in flight;
- acceptance and delivery of the composition;
- methods for identifying, preventing and eliminating malfunctions in the operation of parts and assemblies of cars;
- technology of maintenance and control of the technical condition of wagons and their equipment;
- placement of points for maintenance and equipment of wagons along the route of a passenger train;
- schedule of passenger trains;
- instructions for ensuring traffic safety and fire safety of passenger trains.
1.4. A train electrician of the 6th category is appointed to the position and dismissed from the position by order of the organization (enterprise / institution).
1.5. The train electrician of the 6th category reports directly to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
1.6. Train electrician of the 6th category directs the work _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
1.7. The train electrician of the 6th category during his absence is replaced by a person appointed in accordance with the established procedure, who acquires the appropriate rights and is responsible for the proper performance of the duties assigned to him.
2. Description of work, tasks and job responsibilities
2.1. Carries out maintenance during the journey of passenger trains, which consist of cars without electric heating or air conditioning - during maintenance along the route of passenger trains, consisting of cars with electric heating or air conditioning.
2.2. Checks technical condition monitors work, detects defects according to instrument readings and eliminates malfunctions that occur in the operation of electrical equipment, the heating control system of axle boxes with roller bearings, gear-cardan drives of batteries, water supply and heating devices, intracar electric and refrigeration equipment, electric lighting networks, generators, current converters, rectifiers, compressors, condensers, water filling alarms, heating devices, inter-car electrical connections, tail signal and landing lights, radio station antenna, ventilation installations, internal train equipment telephone communication, radio communications and broadcasting networks in all types of cars that are serviced.
2.3. Checks quality and quantity repair work performed at the request of a train electrician at the points of formation and turnover of passenger trains.
2.4. Maintains established documentation.
2.5. Instructs train crew members in the maintenance of the installations they operate and passenger car equipment, and makes decisions and acts in an emergency.
2.6. Repair of electric equipment of cars on the way.
2.7. Knows, understands and applies the current regulatory documents relating to its activities.
2.8. Knows and complies with the requirements of normative acts on labor protection and environment, complies with the norms, methods and techniques for the safe performance of work.
3. Rights
3.1. The train electrician of the 6th category has the right to take actions to prevent and eliminate the cases of any violations or inconsistencies.
3.2. A train electrician of the 6th category has the right to receive all social guarantees provided for by law.
3.3. A train electrician of the 6th category has the right to demand assistance in the performance of his official duties and exercise of rights.
3.4. A train electrician of the 6th category has the right to demand the creation of organizational and technical conditions necessary for the performance of official duties and the provision necessary equipment and inventory.
3.5. A train electrician of the 6th category has the right to get acquainted with the draft documents relating to his activities.
3.6. A train electrician of the 6th category has the right to request and receive documents, materials and information necessary for the performance of his duties and orders of the management.
3.7. A train electrician of the 6th category has the right to improve his professional qualifications.
3.8. The train electrician of the 6th category has the right to report all violations and inconsistencies identified in the course of his activities and make proposals for their elimination.
3.9. The train electrician of the 6th category has the right to get acquainted with the documents defining the rights and obligations of the position held, the criteria for assessing the quality of the performance of official duties.
4. Responsibility
4.1. The train electrician of the 6th category is responsible for non-fulfillment or untimely fulfillment of the duties assigned by this job description and (or) non-use of the rights granted.
4.2. A train electrician of the 6th category is responsible for non-compliance with the rules of internal labor regulations, labor protection, safety, industrial sanitation and fire protection.
4.3. A train electrician of the 6th category is responsible for disclosing information about an organization (enterprise/institution) that is a trade secret.
4.4. The train electrician of the 6th category is responsible for non-fulfillment or improper performance requirements of internal normative documents organizations (enterprises/institutions) and legal orders of management.
4.5. A train electrician of the 6th category is responsible for offenses committed in the course of his activities, within the limits established by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation.
4.6. A train electrician of the 6th category is responsible for causing material damage to an organization (enterprise / institution) within the limits established by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation.
4.7. The train electrician of the 6th category is responsible for the misuse of the granted official powers, as well as their use for personal purposes.
Typical instruction on labor protection for a train electrician TOI R-32-CL-759-00
Agreed by the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Russian Trade Union of Railway Workers and Transport Builders Resolution N 15.11 of May 10, 2000
Approved by the Deputy Minister of Railways of the Russian Federation. A.S. Misharin May 30, 2000
A typical instruction on labor protection for a train electrician was developed by: M.R. Prokhorov, N.I. Kharitonov (GUP VNIIZhT)
1. General requirements security
1.1. This Standard Instruction on Occupational Safety for a Train Electrician establishes the basic safety requirements for the maintenance and repair of equipment of passenger cars (hereinafter - cars) by a train electrician.
1.2. To work as a train electrician (hereinafter referred to as the electrician) persons are allowed at least 18 years of age who, upon admission to work, have passed a preliminary medical examination, introductory and primary briefings at the workplace, training, internships with a total duration of at least thirty days and knowledge testing.
The electrician in the process of work must pass:
Repeated briefings, at least once every three months;
Unscheduled briefings;
Targeted briefings before going on a flight;
Periodic medical examinations in the prescribed manner;
Periodic testing of knowledge on labor protection once every two years;
Periodic training and testing of knowledge on the fire-technical minimum at least twice a year.
1.3. Electricians must be assigned an electrical safety group of at least IV, which is subject to confirmation once a year.
1.4. The electrician directly reports to the foreman and foreman of train electricians, and on the way - to the head of the train; during the absence of the head of the train, he performs his duties of leading the train crew. An electrician must monitor the operation of carriage equipment by carriage conductors, employees of club cars, technical propaganda cars, video salon cars, buffet cars, restaurant cars, postal and other cars following as part of a passenger train.
The electrician must provide technical assistance in the operation of carriage equipment to train crew employees, including the head of the mail car, the head of the mail car, the deputy head of the mail car, the conductor - the electrician of the mail car and the conductors of trailer cars.
1.5. The electrician must know:
The scheme of forming the composition of the serviced train;
The procedure for carrying out technological operations in the preparation, equipment, acceptance and delivery of the composition;
Methods for preventing, detecting and eliminating malfunctions in the operation of parts and assemblies of cars;
The impact on a person of dangerous and harmful production factors;
Requirements for electrical safety, fire safety and industrial sanitation;
Visible and audible signals ensuring traffic safety, safety signs and the procedure for fencing rolling stock;
Rules for providing first medical care and location of first aid kits.
1.6. The electrician must:
Perform only the work included in his official duties;
Pass through the territory of the railway station, the territories of the point of formation and circulation of trains, the point of laying down of wagons and the transit railway station along established routes, footpaths, tunnels, passages and crossings;
Comply with the requirements of prohibitory, warning, indicative and prescriptive signs and inscriptions, as well as signals given by vehicle drivers, locomotive drivers, signalmen and train compilers;
Comply with the rules of the internal labor schedule and the established work and rest regimes.
1.7. In the process of work, the following main dangerous and harmful production factors can affect the electrician:
Moving rolling stock and other vehicles;
Increased noise level;
Increased vibration level;
The increased value of the voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body;
Sharp edges, burrs and roughness on equipment surfaces;
Location of the workplace at a considerable height relative to the ground (car floor);
Insufficient illumination of the working area (in the dark);
Low or high surface temperature;
Increased air mobility;
Increased level of electromagnetic radiation;
Neuropsychic overload;
Pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses).
1.8. The electrician must be provided with the following PPE:
Cotton suit;
Mittens combined;
Yuft boots with oil and petrol resistant soles;
Half raincoat made of rubberized fabric;
Dielectric galoshes (on duty);
Dielectric gloves (on duty).
In winter, additionally issued:
Heat-protective suit;
Felt boots;
Galoshes for felt boots.
1.9. The electrician must comply with the following basic fire safety requirements:
Smoking only in places designated and adapted for this purpose;
Do not use open fire for lighting (candles without lanterns, kerosene lamps);
In case of detection of signs of freezing of pipelines, warm them up only with hot water. It is forbidden to warm pipelines with a torch, hot coal, blowtorch;
Know and be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment.
1.10. When on a railway track, an electrician must comply with the following requirements:
Pass to the place of work and from work only by specially established routes indicated by signs "Service Pass";
Pass along the railway tracks only along the roadside or in the middle of the track, paying attention to the wagons and locomotives moving along the adjacent tracks;
Cross railway tracks only at a right angle, after making sure that there is no moving rolling stock in this place;
Cross the railway track occupied by rolling stock, using only the transitional platforms of cars, making sure that the handrails and footboards are in good condition and that there are no locomotives and cars moving along the adjacent track;
When leaving the transitional platform of the car, hold on to the handrails and position yourself facing the car, having previously examined the place of exit;
Bypass groups of wagons or locomotives standing on the railway track at a distance of at least 5 m from the automatic coupler;
Pass between uncoupled wagons if the distance between the automatic couplers of these wagons is at least 10 m;
Pay attention to indications of enclosing traffic lights, sound signals and warning signs.
1.11. When on the railway tracks, an electrician is prohibited from:
Cross or run across railway tracks in front of moving rolling stock and other vehicles;
Sit on the steps of wagons or locomotives and get off them while moving;
To be on the inter-track between trains when they run non-stop on adjacent tracks;
Cross points equipped with electrical interlocking at the locations of wits and cross fasteners of turnouts;
Stand or sit on the rail;
To stand between the wit and the frame rail or into the gutters on the turnout and the ends of reinforced concrete sleepers.
1.12. When entering the railway track from rooms, wagons, as well as from buildings that obstruct the visibility of the railway track, you must first make sure that there is no rolling stock moving along it, and in the dark, in addition, wait until your eyes get used to the dark .
1.13. On electrified sections of railways, an electrician is prohibited from approaching energized and unprotected wires or parts of the contact network at a distance of less than 2 m, as well as touching broken wires of the contact network, regardless of whether they touch the ground and grounded structures or not.
Upon detection of a break in wires or other elements of the contact network, as well as foreign objects hanging from them, the electrician is obliged to immediately inform the head of the train, the nearest area of \u200b\u200bthe contact network or the duty officer at the railway station, the train dispatcher.
Before the arrival of the repair team, the dangerous place should be protected by any improvised means and ensure that no one approaches the broken wires at a distance of less than 8 m.
1.14. An electrician is prohibited from climbing onto the roof of a car on electrified sections of railway tracks to perform any work. The ladder for climbing to the roof of the car must be locked with a triangular key and sealed.
1.15. The electrician must store personal clothing and overalls separately in lockers in the dressing room.
It is forbidden to take out overalls, footwear and PPE outside the enterprise (depot, wagon section) at the end of the trip.
1.16. The electrician is obliged to monitor the serviceability of overalls and safety shoes, timely hand them in for washing and repair, and also keep the lockers clean and tidy.
1.17. The electrician must observe the rules of personal hygiene, keep hands clean, wash them with warm water and soap.
1.18. On the way, the electrician must comply with sanitary requirements for the conditions of storage and eating, drinking water. Drink only boiled or bottled water.
1.19. In case of injury or illness, the electrician must stop work, notify the foreman (foreman), and the head of the train on the way, and seek help from a first-aid post or the nearest medical institution.
In case of injury to passengers or members of the train crew, the electrician is obliged to provide, if necessary, first aid to the injured and immediately inform the head of the train about this.
1.20. Knowledge and implementation of safety requirements by an electrician are duty, and their violation is a violation labor discipline, which entails, depending on the consequences, disciplinary or other liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
2. Safety requirements before starting work and when preparing cars for a voyage
2.1. The electrician is obliged to come to work at the time set by the head of the enterprise, taking into account the time of acceptance of the train from the persons responsible for preparing the train for the flight, dressed in uniform.
2.2. The electrician must have a certificate for admission to work with electrical installations.
2.3. Before leaving for a flight, an electrician must receive targeted instruction, including on safety measures in emergency situations; get the necessary documentation, a set of tools, measuring instruments and necessary spare parts, as well as a train heating key and dielectric gloves.
2.4. Dielectric gloves must have the stamp of the latest tests, which are carried out at least once every six months, be intact, that is, not let air through, which is determined by rolling them.
2.5. Before starting work, the electrician must put on the working clothes and safety shoes that are due to him, put them in order:
Button up the cuffs of the sleeves;
Tuck in the loose ends of the clothing so that they do not hang down.
It is not allowed to wear unbuttoned overalls and rolled up sleeves.
The personal protective equipment assigned to the electrician must be in good working order and matched in size.
Headgear worn in winter should not interfere with good audibility of signals.
2.6. When preparing a passenger train for a flight, an electrician must check the availability of spare parts in the train, necessary tool, appliances and fixtures. A defective tool must be replaced with a serviceable one.
The electrician must make sure that all faults noted in the repair log are eliminated.
2.7. Before disconnecting or connecting the high-voltage line of the head car to the electric locomotive or to the column of the stationary power supply point, the electrician must check that the electric heating mode switches of all cars are set to zero.
2.8. The electrician must check the condition of the insulation of the car electric circuits using signal lamps or LEDs of the system for monitoring the short circuit of wires to the car body.
2.9. To connect and disconnect high-voltage connections between the head car and the electric locomotive, the electrician must wear dielectric gloves in the obligatory presence of the electric locomotive driver (including those working in "one person"), who must have the blocking keys of the electric locomotive control panel switches and the reversing handle of the driver controller. The electrician must visually verify that all pantographs on the locomotive are completely lowered.
After connecting the high-voltage line of the train with the electric locomotive, the electrician must transfer the train heating key to the electric locomotive driver.
From the moment the heating key is handed over to the locomotive driver, the high-voltage line of the train is considered to be under high voltage. The heating key must be kept by the locomotive driver until the need arises for uncoupling the electric locomotive, uncoupling and hitching cars, checking the serviceability of the operation and repairing the high-voltage electrical equipment of the cars.
2.10. On examination internal equipment of wagons, together with the conductors, the electrician must check the serviceability of the transitional and vestibule folding platforms, safety and fixing devices, as well as the hand brake. The hand brake yoke should turn easily and the screw should be lubricated.
2.11. Identified during the inspection of electric lighting systems, burned-out lamps should be replaced in accordance with the circuit diagrams of the cars.
2.12. In the event that during the inspection of the composition of unresolved defects and malfunctions, the electrician must additionally submit an application to the senior foreman or shift foremen of the relevant departments to eliminate them.
3. Safety requirements while working en route
3.1. Along the way, the electrician, together with members of the train crew, must monitor the operation of the car generator drive, water supply and heating, forced ventilation, radio equipment, air conditioning units, other equipment and make minor repairs.
3.2. The electrician must prevent the car conductors from setting the main package switch on the control panel (switchboard) of the car to the zero position, since in this case the axle box heating control system is turned off.
3.3. Before maintenance and repair of high voltage equipment and associated low voltage electrical equipment, the electrician must remove the high voltage and take measures to prevent it from being supplied.
3.4. An electrician must at least three times a day check the operation of the electrical equipment of each car, recording the readings of electrical measuring instruments.
3.5. If the fuses of the generator or the battery are triggered while the train is moving, the electrician must at the nearest maintenance point check the condition of their circuits, replace the fuse link with a standard fuse and check the operation of all electrical equipment of the car while the train is moving at a speed of over 40 km/h. In case of detection of malfunctions that are difficult to eliminate during the flight in the circuits of the generator or battery, as well as repeated operation of the fuses, consumers of electricity should be switched to power supply from a serviceable car. The performance of these works should be carried out at the nearest train stop and with a fenced train.
When switching to the power supply of a car (no more than one) from a serviceable neighboring car, the electrician must first make sure that the electrical equipment of the car from which it is supposed to take electricity is in full working order. In the absence of positive current leaks to the body in both cars, connect the inter-car connections and turn on the package switches, respectively: "Supply to the main" and "Reception from the main". After that, for at least 15 minutes, continuously monitor the operation of the electrical equipment of both cars.
3.6. When starting the electric motors of the fan drive of the forced ventilation system, the water heating pump, hot water supply, the electrician must determine the health of the electric motor by ear or by the current consumed. Uniform dull noise and instrument readings corresponding to the nominal load values indicate the serviceability of the bearings. In the event of a rattling sound, prominent knocks or a current value exceeding the rated current, it is necessary to immediately turn off the electric motor.
3.7. If a blown fuse is detected, the electrician must disconnect the load, de-energize the circuit, remove the fuse and determine the cause of the trip.
3.8. If the fuse in the excitation winding circuit of the DC generator is blown, it is allowed (during the train stop) to remove the seal, open the casing of the carbon voltage regulator and replace the fuse if the malfunction that caused it to operate is detected and eliminated. The electrician must turn on the generator and restore the electrical protective devices only at the train stop.
If the fuse in the generator field winding circuit blows again, the consumers should be switched to power from a serviceable car.
3.9. The operated current protection device in the circuit of any consumer of electricity must be restored by an electrician after checking the circuit and eliminating defects. In the event of repeated operation of the current protection device, the circuit of electricity consumers is disconnected from the power supply system until the cause of the failure at the point of formation or turnover is clarified.
3.10. When the alternator fails, the electrician must switch the power to the battery or connect to a neighboring car.
3.11. At intermediate stations, where parking time allows, the electrician must inspect the undercarriage equipment and find out the causes of extraneous noises or knocks that occurred during the movement of the train. Crawling under an unprotected train is prohibited.
3.12. With the readings of the system for monitoring the short circuit of wires to the car body (hereinafter referred to as RMS), indicating a decrease in insulation resistance in the electric circuits of the car, at stops, the electrician must determine the circuits with reduced insulation resistance and the places of insulation failure in it. If it is impossible to eliminate faults or if the reason for the decrease in insulation resistance is not identified, the electrical circuit must be turned off.
3.13. The electrician must put on or remove the drive belt from the generator pulley only after the train has stopped, after making sure that the car is fenced with stop signals.
3.14. In the presence of high voltage in the high-voltage line, it is prohibited:
Open the casing of the heating elements of the boiler;
Repair undercarriage equipment;
Disconnect intercar electrical connections;
Open the undercarriage high-voltage box.
3.15. During inspection of the boiler room and maintenance of the heating installation, the side doors of the vestibule must be locked.
Maintenance of the heating system must be carried out by the electrician wearing gloves.
3.16. Pumping water into the heating system should only be done when the electric heating is turned off at the switchboard.
3.17. In the event of a water leak from the combined heating boiler, in order to eliminate it and remove the accumulated water, the electrician must turn off the high-voltage heaters of the heating boiler by setting the heating mode switch of this car to the zero position and remove the "heating" fuse or turn off the "heating control" automatic switch on the car control panel.
3.18. By the time the train arrives at the station for changing the locomotive, attaching or uncoupling cars in the train, to perform technological operations for connecting and disconnecting the high-voltage line between the head car and the electric locomotive, the electrician must be in the head car.
3.19. After applying voltage to the high-voltage line, the switches for the electric heating modes of each car must be set to the position corresponding to the automatic mode.
3.20. A control check of the condition of control panels, switchboards (from the front and mounting sides), automation panels, regulators, car electric power consumers for proper functioning, operability of package switches, toggle switches and automatic switches should be carried out visually, and the state of insulation of car electrical circuits by signal lamps or LEDs of the system for monitoring the short circuit of wires on the body of the car.
3.21. Electrician on the route is prohibited:
Repair electrical equipment in the presence of voltage in the repaired circuit;
Use non-standard fuse-links, install fuse-links in fuses that do not meet the nominal values of the protected circuit;
Use temporarily laid cables (wires), spliced by twisting or soldering, both inside the car and from car to car;
Go down to the steps of the vestibule when the train is moving to monitor the operation of the drive of the undercarriage generator;
Connect electrical inter-car connections through opening aprons of transitional soufflés.
3.22. Adjustable wrenches, pliers, screwdrivers and other bench tools must be in good working order and have insulating handles. Unscrewing nuts, requiring the use of great effort, should be done using wrenches with an elongated handle. It is not allowed to build up keys and fill the gap between the jaws of the key and the nut with gaskets. Do not loosen nuts with a chisel or hammer.
3.23. To remove the fuse located on the switchboard, the electrician must use a special handle. Do not replace fuses under load.
3.24. The electrician must check the operation of refrigeration equipment at least twice a day.
3.25. During the operation of the refrigeration unit, it is forbidden to tighten the compressor bolts, tighten the flange and other connections.
3.26. The electrician must control the fastening of the microwave oven on a special rack of the car, providing a spatial gap between the outer surfaces of the oven and surrounding objects and the reliability of grounding the case. Do not operate the microwave oven in the following cases:
Damage to the power cable;
Mechanical damage to the casing;
Damage to the door mesh, deformation or damage to the working chamber, door or locking mechanism;
Loosely closed door;
Malfunctions of the earthing element of the furnace body.
3.27. When moving from car to car, the electrician must make sure that the transition platforms - aprons of both cars are in the lowered position. In winter, transition platforms can be covered with ice and snow, so you should move carefully along them, stand on the surface of the platform with your whole foot, and lean with your hand on a special bracket of the inter-car soufflé. Doors should be closed and opened only by the door handles.
Electricians are prohibited from:
Get into the car after the start of movement, as well as get out of the car before the train stops completely;
Open side tambour doors while moving, get down on the steps of the car, lean out of the tambour or window, move from the footboard of one car to the footboard of the next car;
Climb onto the roof of the car when the train is moving, at stops with an unprotected train, in snow, rain, in fog or strong wind, as well as on electrified sections of railway tracks.
3.28. In the absence of a high platform, before leaving the car, the electrician must raise the folding platform and securely fasten it to the lock. If the folding platform does not open under the action of the spring, then, when opening it with your hand, it is necessary to hold the folding platform, as the spring may work. At the time of lifting the folding platform of the vestibule, you should be at a safe distance from it.
3.29. When inspecting and repairing any type of carriage equipment, it is forbidden to stand on folding tables, door handles, rest your feet against the walls and partitions of the carriage, and also use ladders while the train is moving.
3.30. To illuminate hard-to-reach places of carriage equipment, an electrician must use a portable lamp with a safety net and a lamp with a voltage of not more than 42V or a portable lamp with an autonomous power source.
3.31. In order to ensure fire safety en route, an electrician is prohibited from:
Switch on the power and lighting network under load in the presence of faulty electrical equipment, when heating devices or individual places on the control panel;
Turn on electric stoves and other electrical appliances that are not provided for by the electric circuit of the car;
Store foreign objects in niches with electrical equipment, store combustible materials near heating devices, lamps and household electrical appliances provided for by the design of the car;
Turn on electric heaters of water filling and drain pipes that do not have automatic shutdown devices for more than 15 - 20 minutes;
Turn on the heating of the car with electric heating with a voltage of 3000 V in manual mode for more than 30 - 40 minutes (depending on the temperature in the compartment of the car);
Turn on electric heaters when ventilation is not working and allow air to heat above 28 ° C;
Leave inter-car electrical connections (plugs, heads) not put into idle sockets and protective boxes;
Operate defective batteries and charge them in an unauthorized way;
Close transitional tambour doors in case of a faulty ringing signal on the internal "secret" lock.
3.32. When performing shunting work, an electrician who is in the car must stop working, sit on the sofa and not perform any work until the train stops completely.
4. Safety requirements in emergency situations
4.1. Actions of an electromechanic in the event of accidents and situations that can lead to undesirable consequences
4.1.1. The following main emergencies may occur along the route of a passenger train:
Forced stop of the train (malfunction of the locomotive or wagons, power outage, malfunction of the railway track);
Rupture of the train on the way and derailment of the rolling stock;
A fire in a train car that could lead to a fire or explosion;
Breakage of the contact wire;
Detection of explosive devices, other suspicious items.
4.1.2. If it becomes necessary to disconnect high-voltage connections between cars along the way, it is first necessary to disconnect them between the electric locomotive and the head car of the train after the electric locomotive driver removes the voltage, in accordance with clause 2.9 of this Instruction.
When servicing a train locomotive by one driver in the event of a forced stop of a passenger train, its rupture along the way or derailment of the train, an electrician, at the direction of the head of the train, performing operations for uncoupling and hitching cars in the train, securing and fencing the train, checking the condition of coupling devices for disconnected wagons, replacement of brake hoses, control testing of brakes must comply with the following safety requirements:
When securing the rolling stock, use serviceable brake shoes;
When inserting and removing the brake shoes, hold on to the car frame with one hand;
During the control testing of the brakes, smoothly open the end valve, holding the brake hose near the head with one hand;
The uncoupling and hitching of wagons in the train is to be carried out under the supervision of the head of the train;
Perform work in gloves and move along the train along the side of the railway track.
4.1.3. If smoke is detected in the car, the smell of smoke or open fire appears while the train is running, the electrician, together with members of the train crew, must act in accordance with the instructions for ensuring fire safety in passenger train cars:
1) stop the train with a stop-crane (except when the train is in a tunnel, on a bridge, viaduct, aqueduct, overpass or under a bridge and in other places that prevent the evacuation of passengers and prevent fire extinguishing).
In the event that the occurrence of a fire is detected while the train is in places that exclude its stop, it must be stopped immediately after passing through these places;
2) open the doors of all compartments, announce and organize the evacuation of passengers;
3) de-energize the car (during daylight hours), and at night turn off all consumers, except for the emergency lighting circuit, open and fix the vestibule side and end doors (and in the absence of a high platform and aprons) of both vestibules in the emergency car and fix them on latches;
4) open emergency exits (windows), where they are provided for by the design of the car, and in the absence of emergency exits in the car and it is impossible to evacuate passengers through the vestibule doors, break or open windows located behind the fire during the evacuation of passengers.
The electrician is obliged to arrive at the place of fire with a fire extinguisher or other fire extinguishing equipment and take part in the evacuation of passengers and extinguishing the fire.
Upon arrival at the fire site, the electrician, after making sure that passengers have been completely evacuated from the car, must remove the battery fuse on the control panel (if possible) and, without fail, the fuse located in the box on the battery box (in order to completely de-energize).
4.1.4. The electrician (if necessary) must uncouple the train in the following sequence:
1) take the train heating key from the locomotive driver or his assistant and disconnect the high-voltage line of the head car of the train and the electric locomotive (at the same time, the current collectors must first be lowered on the electric locomotive);
2) unhook the cars standing behind the burning car, for which purpose raise the transition platforms of the burning car, close the end valves, disconnect the brake hoses, inter-car connections at both ends of the burning car. Activate the automatic brakes of the tail (left in place) part of the train, turn the lever of the automatic coupler of the burning car to the uncoupling position, advance the head of the train together with the burning car at a distance of at least 10 m;
3) unhook the car on fire from the head part of the train, for which close the end valves of the car on fire and the neighboring car, disconnect the brake hoses, activate the automatic brakes of the car on fire by fully opening the end valve and turn the automatic coupler lever in the uncoupling position. Move the head part of the wagons to a distance of 15 - 20 m.
4.1.5. When uncoupling the tail section of the train and the burning car, as well as fencing the train on the haul, the electrician must give the locomotive driver the signals established by the instructions for signaling on the railways of the Russian Federation.
4.1.6. Prior to the arrival of the territorial fire department or fire train, the electrician must take all measures within his power to save passengers and extinguish the fire, using all available fire extinguishing equipment and personal protection, and after the arrival of the command staff of the fire department at the scene, be guided by his instructions.
4.1.7. When using foam (carbon dioxide, powder) fire extinguishers, direct the jet of foam (powder, carbon dioxide) away from people. If foam gets on unprotected areas of the body, wipe it off with a handkerchief or other material and rinse with soda solution.
When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, do not grasp the fire extinguisher socket to avoid frostbite on your hands.
4.1.8. Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of less than 2 m from the contact network is allowed only with carbon dioxide, aerosol or powder fire extinguishers.
It is possible to extinguish burning objects with water, chemical, foam and air-foam fire extinguishers only after the instructions of the work manager or other responsible person that the voltage has been removed from the contact network and it is grounded.
4.1.9. Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of more than 7 m from a live contact wire can be allowed without removing the voltage. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the jet of water or foam does not touch the contact network and other parts under voltage.
4.1.10. If a broken contact wire under voltage falls on the wagon or next to it, do not allow passengers to leave the wagon. In the event of a threat of fire in the wagon, it is necessary to leave the wagon without touching its outer parts with your hands. Jump to the ground with both feet at once. You can move away from the car until the tension is relieved only by jumping or taking small steps, not exceeding the length of the foot, without taking your feet off the ground, so as not to fall under the "step tension".
4.1.11. If ownerless bags, bundles and other foreign objects are found, the electrician must make a visual inspection, isolate passengers' access to them and immediately inform the head of the train, members of the train crew and law enforcement officials.
4.1.12. Upon receipt of information about an impending terrorist act on a train, an electrician must immediately inform the head of the train, the driver or, via train radio communication, the duty officer of the nearest railway station, and law enforcement officials.
4.1.13. When an explosive device is found in a train, the electrician must:
Notify the head of the train, and in case of his absence, through the locomotive driver, report to the train dispatcher, the operational duty officer of the linear department of the internal affairs of the section;
Provide fencing and protection of the discovered explosive device;
Take part in the evacuation of passengers;
Take measures to disperse the rolling stock;
Upon arrival of the demining team, act according to their instructions.
4.1.14. It is forbidden to carry out any actions with the detected explosive object.
4.1.15. In the event of an explosive device being triggered, the electrician must stop the train and take measures to rescue passengers and provide first aid.
4.1.16. In case of external shelling of the train, it is necessary to take measures to protect passengers from damage - place them along the side walls of the car below the level of the windows, preferably in a lying position, contact the above officials or services.
4.1.17. When shooting inside the car, the electrician must contact the above officials or services and agree on the procedure for further actions.
4.2. Actions of an electrician to provide first aid to victims of injuries and diseases
4.2.1. Mechanical injury
When receiving a mechanical injury, it is necessary to stop the bleeding. With venous bleeding, the blood is dark, flows out in a continuous stream. The way to stop is a pressure bandage in the wound area, giving the injured part of the body an elevated position. With arterial bleeding, scarlet blood flows out in a rapidly pulsating or gushing stream. The way to stop bleeding is to apply a tourniquet, twist or sharp bending of the limb in the joint with its fixation in this position. When applying a tourniquet (twisting), a note must be placed under it indicating the time of its application. The tourniquet can be left on for two hours in the warm season, and in the cold - one hour.
In case of fractures, it is necessary to apply a splint (standard or made from improvised means) and fix the immobility of the damaged parts of the body with a bandage. With open fractures, it is necessary to bandage the wound before applying the splint. The tire is positioned so that it does not lie on top of the wound and does not put pressure on the protruding bone.
When sprained, apply a pressure bandage and a cold compress to the sprain. In case of dislocations, the limb is immobilized in the position it took after the injury, a cold compress is applied to the joint area.
It is impossible to make any attempts to reduce the dislocated limb by yourself.
With all types of mechanical injuries, the victim must be taken to a medical facility.
4.2.2. Thermal burns
For first-degree burns (only redness and slight swelling of the skin are observed), moisten the burned area with a strong solution of potassium permanganate.
For second-degree burns (fluid-filled blisters form), a sterile dressing should be applied to the burnt area. Do not lubricate the burned area with fat and ointments, open or pierce blisters.
In case of severe burns, a sterile bandage should be applied to the burned area and the victim should be immediately sent to a medical facility. Do not lubricate the burnt place with fat or ointments, tear off parts of clothing that are burnt to the skin. The burnt person must be given plenty of hot tea.
4.2.3. Acid and alkali burns
In case of acid burns, the burned area of the body should be washed with water with alkalis added to it: soda, chalk, tooth powder, magnesia. In the absence of alkalis, it is necessary to abundantly water the burnt body with clean water.
In case of burns with caustic alkalis, the burnt area of the body should be washed with water acidified with acetic or citric acid or wash with clean water abundantly watering the burned area.
The victim must be sent to a medical facility.
4.2.4. Eye injury
If freon-12 gets into the eyes, they should be rinsed with a stream of water at room temperature under slight pressure, drip sterile vaseline oil and immediately consult a doctor.
In case of eye injuries with sharp or piercing objects, as well as eye injuries with severe bruises, the victim should be urgently sent to a medical facility. Objects that have fallen into the eye should not be removed from the eye, so as not to further damage it. Apply a sterile bandage to the eye.
If dust or powder gets into eyes, rinse them with a gentle stream of running water.
In case of chemical burns, it is necessary to open the eyelids and rinse the eyes abundantly for 10-15 minutes with a weak stream of running water, after which the victim should be sent to a medical facility.
In case of eye burns with hot water, steam, eye rinsing is not recommended. The eyes are covered with a sterile bandage and the victim is sent to a medical facility.
4.2.5. electrical injury
In case of electric shock, first of all, it is necessary to stop the action of the current (turn off the voltage, cut the wire), while observing safety measures and not touching the victim with bare hands while he is under the influence of current.
If a victim is struck by a high voltage current or lightning, despite the absence of signs of life, it is necessary to try to bring him back to life. If the victim is not breathing, immediately apply artificial respiration and at the same time heart massage. Artificial respiration and heart massage are done until natural breathing is restored or until the doctor arrives.
After the victim regains consciousness, it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage to the place of the electric burn and take measures to eliminate mechanical damage (bruises, fractures) that may occur during a fall. The victim of an electrical injury, regardless of his state of health and the absence of complaints, should be sent to a medical facility.
4.2.6. poisoning
In case of poisoning with poor-quality food products, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting in the victim and rinse the stomach, allowing him to drink a large amount (up to 6-10 glasses) of warm water, tinted with potassium permanganate, or a weak solution of baking soda. After drink milk and give to drink 1 - 2 tablets of activated charcoal.
In case of acid poisoning, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the stomach with water and give the victim enveloping agents: milk, raw eggs.
In case of gas poisoning, the victim must be taken out of the room to fresh air or a draft should be arranged in the room by opening windows and doors.
When breathing and cardiac activity stop, start artificial respiration and heart massage. In all cases of poisoning, the victim must be sent to a medical facility.
4.2.7. Frostbite
In case of frostbite as a result of direct contact with liquid freon-12 on the skin, it is necessary to carefully rub the frostbitten area with a sterile cotton swab or gauze until sensitivity and reddening of the skin appear. After that, wipe the frostbitten area with alcohol and apply a bandage from a clean bandage. If the area affected by freon-12 is extensive or blisters have formed on the skin, an antiseptic dressing should be applied to them. You can not open and pierce the bubbles. The victim must be sent to a medical facility.
In case of suffocation from inhalation of freon-12, immediately remove the victim to fresh air or allow him to inhale oxygen. With general weakness, give strong tea or coffee. In severe cases (lack of breathing), artificial respiration should be given to the victim before the doctor arrives.
In case of mild frostbite, it is necessary to rub the frostbitten area with a clean cloth or mitten. The frostbitten place should not be rubbed with snow, as the skin may be damaged and an infection may be introduced. After the restoration of blood circulation, when the skin turns red and sensitivity appears, it is necessary to lubricate the frostbitten area with fat (oil, lard, petroleum jelly).
If blisters appear during frostbite or necrosis of the skin and deep-lying tissues occurs, it is necessary to bandage the frostbitten area with dry sterile material and refer the victim to a doctor. You can not open and pierce the bubbles.
With general freezing, it is necessary to bring the victim into a warm room, undress and rub with clean, dry cloths or mittens until the skin turns red and the muscles become soft. After that, continuing rubbing, it is necessary to start artificial respiration. When the frozen person regains consciousness, he should be warmly covered and given warm tea or coffee.
4.2.8. Infectious diseases
If passengers with signs of an infectious disease are found in the carriage, the electrician must:
Immediately inform the head of the train;
Isolate the patient in a separate compartment or separate him with a screen made from improvised material (for example, sheets).
5. Safety requirements at the end of work
5.1. Upon arrival at the turnaround point, the electrician is obliged to identify the cause of the malfunction that occurred along the route and make an appropriate entry in the trip sheet or log.
After completing the application repair, the electrician must check the quality of the work performed.
5.2. Upon arrival at the formation point, the electrician must:
Hand over the composition to the shift foreman or senior inspector of the relevant repair units;
Present to the employees responsible for the preparation of the carriages for the trip, the form (application for repairs), the trip sheet, as well as warranty cards for the restaurant car and buffet car.
5.3. After the delivery of the composition and registration of applications for repairs, the electrician must:
To hand over the key of high-voltage heating of the train, dielectric gloves, tools and other devices to the picking pantry;
Remove overalls and personal protective equipment in the wardrobe.
5.4. If necessary, the electromechanic must hand over the contaminated and faulty overalls for washing, dry cleaning or repair.
5.5. After work, the electrician must take a shower.
After the train is sent on a flight from the passenger station, the point of formation or turnover, the train electrician (TEM) controls the operation of the electrical equipment:
- checks the serviceability of the tail signal lights on the tail car;
- examines the electrical equipment inside the car and on the outside of the panels and control panels;
- writes down the readings of electrical measuring instruments in the trip sheet;
- checks the operation of the circuits of electricity consumers, the heating alarm of roller axle boxes and fire alarm installations;
- checks the state of insulation of electrical equipment by signaling a short circuit to the case;
- controls the operation of high voltage electrical equipment;
- conducts additional briefing of wagon conductors on the specifics of operating a particular type of wagon directly at the conductor's workplace.
After 3-4 hours of movement of a passenger train from the point of formation or turnover, the electrician must check the readings of electrical measuring instruments and record in the trip sheet of the electrician the current of the battery charge, its voltage, the voltage of the generator and the lighting network of each passenger car of the train. Control over the operation of the electric equipment of cars with a recording of the readings of electrical measuring instruments is carried out along the route at least three times a day.
When the fuse in the circuit of the generator, battery or any consumer is triggered, the electrician identifies the cause of the trip, eliminates it, replaces the fuse fuse and checks the operation of the car's electrical equipment. If failures along the way cannot be eliminated, at the nearest train stop, electricity consumers switch to power supply from the neighboring serviceable car. When switching to the power supply of a passenger car (no more than one) from a serviceable neighboring car, the electrician must first make sure that the electrical equipment of the car from which it is supposed to take electricity is in full working order.
In the absence of positive current leaks to the body in both cars, connect the inter-car connections and turn on the package switches on the boards or consoles of both cars, respectively "Supply to the main" and "Reception from the main". After that, for at least 15 minutes, the operation of the electrical equipment of both cars should be continuously monitored. The transfer of electricity consumer circuits to power from another passenger car is drawn up by an act of any form signed by the head of the train, the electrician, the conductor of the emergency and serviceable car.
On wagons without an emergency lighting main, in the event of a power supply system failure and the impossibility of restoring its operability, the electrician informs the head of the train about this. If a blown fuse is found in the excitation winding circuit of the DC generator, it is allowed to remove the seal at the car stops, open the casing of the carbon voltage regulator and replace the fuse, which must be documented in the FMU-73 form signed by the head and the electrician of the train. When the fuse in the excitation winding circuit of the generator blows again, the consumers are fed from a serviceable passenger car. The operated current protection device in the circuit of any consumer of electricity is restored by the electrician after checking the circuit. Found defects are eliminated. In the event of repeated operation of the current protection device, the circuit of electricity consumers is disconnected from the power supply system until the cause of the failure at the point of formation or turnover is clarified. The operability of electric power consumer circuits is checked while the car is in motion by turning them on from the control panel of the car’s electrical equipment and monitoring the readings of electrical measuring instruments and alarms.
The electrician participates in the inspection of the undercarriage equipment carried out by the employees of the maintenance points. At intermediate stations, an electrician finds out the causes of extraneous noises or knocks that occur during train movement, checks the generator mount, generator drive, boxes with electrical equipment, the condition of terminal boxes, cables, detachable connections, fastening of temperature sensors on axle boxes, battery box deflectors. Upon detection of failures of the equipment located under the car, or the unsatisfactory condition of its safety devices, the electrician:
- takes measures to ensure traffic safety by the train brigade or together with the workers of the PTO;
- when the indications of the system for monitoring the short circuit of wires to the body of the car indicate a decrease in insulation resistance in the electric circuits of the car, the electrician at the stops must identify circuits with reduced insulation resistance and places of insulation failure in them. If it is impossible to identify the reason for the decrease in the insulation resistance of the electrical circuit during the flight, the circuit is turned off.
In a high-speed train, when the axle box heating control system (SKNB) is triggered or if another malfunction of the car is detected that threatens the safety of train traffic and the lives of passengers, the electrician must immediately inform the head of the train, who, by radio, transmits to the locomotive driver a message about the need to immediately stop the train. If it is not possible to transmit such a message to the locomotive driver, the train must be stopped by a stop crane.
In all cases, if the axle box heating control system fails, the electrician instructs the conductors of the cars at train stops to check the heating of the axle boxes in accordance with the Instructions for the conductor of passenger cars.
In the event of a train stop after the activation of the axle box heating control system, the electrician and the head of the train must personally check the temperature of the axle boxes by touch.
With significant heating of the axle box, the electrician, the head of the train and the locomotive driver set a safe mode of movement to the nearest station or PTO, where the wheel pair is rolled out from under the car for a complete revision of the axle boxes in order to determine the cause of heating.
In case of failure of the temperature sensor (breakage of the SKNB), it is allowed to move the car to the nearest PTO with one temporarily shunted temperature sensor.
If the circuit of any fire sensor fails at night (the control unit signals a fire or a malfunction), it is allowed to temporarily operate the unit with the acoustic alarm turned off until daylight, and if it is impossible to establish and eliminate the cause of the sensor circuit failure during daylight hours - to the point of formation or turnover. In this case, it is necessary to systematically check the premises and the condition of the equipment at the location of the failed fire detector.
In all these cases, an act of the form FMU-73 is drawn up in two copies signed by the head of the train, the electrician and the conductor of the car.
When checking the operation of electrical equipment, the main batch switch of the power supply system must not be set to the zero position, since the roller box heating control systems, the fire alarm installation, the automation circuits, and the alarm are turned off in this case.
In the event of a fire or fire in a passenger carriage, an electrician must act in accordance with the Instructions for Ensuring Fire Safety in Passenger Train Cars and, together with the head of the train, take part in the evacuation of passengers and extinguishing the fire.
During the train route, when inspecting train sets, changing locomotives, as well as at the turnaround and formation point, the electrician, together with the locomotive crew or employees of these points, connects high-voltage connections to the locomotive. When the train is placed under electric heating at the station from a stationary high-voltage power supply point, the electrician connects and disconnects the high-voltage line in accordance with local instructions.
In the event of a malfunction of electrical equipment that cannot be eliminated along the way, the electrician, through the head of the train, must submit an application for repairs at the depot (on the section) of the turnover point or formation.
In the event that PTO employees at intermediate stations or turnover points detect malfunctions that require the replacement of wheel sets or the dismantling of the gear-cardan drive, an act FMU-73 is drawn up indicating the malfunction, while it is prohibited:
- use non-standard fuse-links, install fuse-links in fuses that do not correspond to the nominal values of the protected circuit;
- work with the equipment located under the car on an unguarded train;
- lay temporary cables (wires) both inside the car and from car to car.
Upon arrival at the turnaround point, the electrician is obliged to identify the cause of the malfunction that occurred along the route, make an appropriate entry in the trip sheet and log form VU-8 about the elimination of the malfunction.
For wagon malfunctions that the electrician could not eliminate on his own, an application must be submitted to the PTO of the passenger turnover station.
A copy of the application, which remains with the head of the train, must be signed by the person who accepted the application for repairs. The electrician, together with the workers of the PTO, takes part in troubleshooting.
After completing the application repair, the electrician must check the quality of the work performed and report to the head of the train about the readiness of the train for further movement. Upon the return of the passenger train to the point of formation, the electrician is obliged to hand over the composition to the foreman or senior inspector of the relevant repair departments, and also to transfer the request for repair to the employees responsible for preparing passenger cars for the flight.
Control questions
- 1. What are the duties of the head of the train after its departure?
- 2. What are the additional responsibilities of the head of the international train?
- 3. Actions of the conductor of the car in the event of a breakdown of the stop-cock.
- 4. Actions of the car conductor in the event of the destruction of mercury contact thermometers.
- 5. Actions of the conductor of the car during emergency braking.
- 6. Actions of the conductor in the event of a fire alarm.
- 7. What are the duties of a train electrician after the train leaves for a flight?
- 8. PEM actions after the first four hours of passenger train movement.
- Fig. 9. Actions of the PEM when the axle box heating control system is triggered.
- 10. What are the duties of the PEM in the event of a malfunction of electrical equipment that cannot be eliminated along the way?
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