A cowshed for 100 cows made of wooden structures. Diy cowshed project, how to build - diagram, dimensions of the structure, sketches. Barn interior equipment

Many start-up entrepreneurs see the organization of a mini dairy farm as an excellent prospect for starting their own business. The popularity of this idea is easily explained:

Finished project of a small mini farm

1. A mini farm requires a small production area.
2. Family farms need a smart investment.
3. Minimum costs are required to maintain a mini-farm.

The project of a modern farm for 50 or 100 heads will provide all family members with a permanent job and a stable good income.

Any attachment Money must be justified. Therefore, you should start by creating a project or writing a detailed business plan. To become a competitor for large livestock farms, you need to think things through.

No one is required to immediately erect huge complexes. You can start working with a small herd.

What is a mini farm

Mini-farms include farms that maintain cattle. Livestock breeders receive and sell dairy and meat and other products.

In livestock farms, where they are already making a profit, the average number of livestock is from 50 to 100 units. The project allows in the future to increase production volumes and increase productivity. At the same time, any Russian family will be able to open their own business, since fabulous funds are not needed to buy cattle, erect outbuildings, or open an individual entrepreneur.

Mini-farm project: phased creation

1. Select a land plot.
2. Bring in all the necessary communications.
3. Determine the number of livestock.
4. Decide what kind of industry you will be involved in - dairy, meat or combined.
5. Choose the way of keeping cattle - with or without walking.
6. Calculate how many technical rooms to build with modern equipment.

If it is not possible to bring communications to the site, you should carefully consider your decision: this is an unprofitable acquisition, when you will have to spend a lot on bringing water or generating electricity.

Nuances of choosing a land

When for livestock farms, you need to be guided by the following rules. The area of ​​the plot must be at least 1000 sq. m. Depending on which method of keeping you prefer, you may need pasture for walking, a hangar, fields to grow fodder crops and make hay.

If there is no own food base, then keeping cattle is unprofitable. Practically all the profit received from the farm will be spent on fodder procurement.

When an entrepreneur does not have enough money for the district administration, he can rent it.

Leading to the land plot of communications

It is important that the land is in a convenient location. If travel is difficult, the site is in a lowland or the soil is depleted, additional investment will be required. The remoteness of the farm from communications and settlements cannot be attributed to the advantages.

It is better to start construction on the former land of the state farm, where cowsheds, production facilities can already be built and water, gas, electricity, and sewage systems are installed.

The number of animals and the definition of the type of activity. For a dairy farm, it is recommended to keep at least 25-50 heads at least. As the cows produce offspring, the number of cattle in family farms can constantly increase.


The owners of the mini-farm will also need to keep breeding bulls. Over time, the total number of large cattle can reach 100 heads.

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Installation of a ramp at the entrance

Entrepreneurs will have to choose one of two options:

• Keeping animals in stalls;
• Free range of cows, bulls and young animals within the facility.

The first option is considered less expensive. Animals are constantly in their stalls. Here they are fed and milked. The construction of utility and administrative premises is required. We need workshops to process products.
Choosing the second method will require a large investment from the business owner. Need to build special places where animals will be fed, milked, walked. It is important to separately equip the rooms where the calves will be kept. On livestock farms, the correct automatic equipment must be installed.

It is cheaper to build premises if you use a wooden structure. Money is needed to build metal structures. However, in terms of durability, the latter option is more preferable.

Building a mini farm: possible alternatives

Today there is a demand for the construction of dairy farms. This can be done in various ways:

• Restore the old object and modernize it;
• Build a completely new complex.

Let's consider in more detail each method separately. The first of them involves the construction of livestock farms on plots where there is a building that was previously used as a cowshed. Make overhaul premises, carry out the necessary insulation work. The interior space is being modernized. Install partitions.

If the building is well preserved, and you are going to use it in the future, then the territory is equipped according to the existing project. The second way to build a mini-farm involves starting from scratch. When opting for metal barns, you should remember that the cost of a project can go up dramatically. There are modern building materials that are cheaper than iron. As an option, you can consider purchasing a ready-made mini-farm on a turnkey basis.

In this case construction works a professional company is engaged, and an entrepreneur, meanwhile, can devote more time to developing an optimal strategy for his business. Conveniently, the offer is from construction companies erecting farms turnkey practically does not require the participation of the customer in construction work.

You can try to find a suitable project in the catalog of the company you contacted.
The presence of the business owner is required when the farm is already built. He examines the object and accepts the job. Entrepreneurs can order the creation of individual projects of family farms. Then, during the construction of the object, all the wishes of the customer are taken into account. can be designed for a different number of cows: 25; 50; 100; 150.

Often our clients are interested in total cost the entire dairy farm on a turnkey basis. To accurately answer this question, you need to take into account many parameters and nuances. Therefore, regardless of the size of the farm (the livestock can be from 25, 50, 100, 200 to 10,000 heads), it is necessary to take into account a number of technological factors. The final cost will depend on the degree of farm automation, the size and layout of the barn, and the type of milking plant.

For an accurate calculation of equipment for a dairy farm, contact us and within a short time we will prepare for you the most economical and high-quality solution for your farm.

Examples of projects with prices

By contacting us, you can get a free layout calculation and estimate. These documents are required for applying for a bank loan, as well as for other investment documents. ...

Most often, large modern livestock farms and complexes are located in buildings that have survived since Soviet times. Retrofitting an old building is much cheaper than building new ones. This is especially true when it comes to a large livestock, and a barn for 100 heads or more. Old buildings are distinguished by reliability and ease of planning: very often the buildings are interconnected, have a special room for organizing a dairy shop, a maternity hospital, a separate barn for calves, young bulls and heifers, and a breeding stock. With the same success, an old stable or a pigsty, a sheepfold can be converted into a cowshed.

Barn project for 200 heads

In modern livestock farming, farms are most often built from scratch for livestock from 50 cows to 200.

For larger livestock, it is more profitable to find and re-equip a ready-made barn. At the first stage of planning and creating a project, it is necessary to determine the number of cows and the maintenance system. This can be a stall, in a common paddock or on a leash.

It is most convenient to use a typical cowshed project - a one-story building with a wall height of about 3 meters, an insulated roof, and a maximum height under the ridge - 3.5 meters. At this height, good natural air circulation will be ensured. For construction, it is better to use a material suitable for the given climatic conditions, economical and environmentally friendly. Most often used:

• Metal,
• Sandwich panels,
• Foam concrete,
• Brick,
• Bar.

Barn ventilation features

Natural ventilation in a typical barn is provided by the presence of small windows under the roof ridge. And forced ventilation of the barn requires a special device - a tunnel or circulation fan. These fans are most often installed under the roof ridge, and can work in both automatic mode, and turn on as needed.

Summer barn, tent hangar

Typical dairy farm project

Typical projects of dairy farms, designed for large livestock (from 400 to 2800 and more heads), have their own differences. The construction of such a livestock complex should include eight sections. Each of the sections will be occupied by cows, selected according to physiological and biological parameters (age, milk yield, lactation period, etc.).

In the design of a complex for keeping cattle, with a livestock of 2,000 or more, premises are often provided for organizing a dairy plant. For a large farm, this is more profitable than selling milk in large quantities to third parties.

Modern barns, designed for large cattle livestock, should be at least 102 meters long (for 460 animals) and at least 120 meters (for 1100 animals). Typically, a typical dairy farm project involves the free keeping of cows without a leash, in boxes, on a bed of straw or sawdust.

Cowshed project general view

A large dairy farm involves the organization of a milking parlor, equipped with automatic milking equipment. It will take two employees about four hours to service a herd of 400-600 cows, while three to five milking shop workers are usually hired to service a larger herd.

In addition to the milking and delivery room, a typical dairy farm project includes:

• A veterinary examination and quarantine area,
• Transport hall,
• Warehouse for storing feed,
• Office space for employees,
• Calf,
• Vehicle scales and disinfection system,
• Garage,
• A manure pit
• Fire tank.

All major commercial dairy farms are equipped with special devices that dispense water and feed in automatic mode.

A farm for 600 heads requires at least 1200 hectares of land. And the annual productivity of such a complex will be about 8000 tons of milk and 200 tons of meat. The construction estimate from scratch will amount to more than 350 million rubles.

Features of the project of a barn for 100 and 200 heads

The project of a barn for 100 heads most often provides for the stall keeping of cows on a leash, since this is a more economical option. Stall size for one animal: length - 2 meters, width - 1.2 meters. The floor in the barn is designed taking into account a slight slope - no more than 2.5 cm. This makes it easier to clean the entire room. A typical barn plan includes utility rooms, a cesspool, and a water system, and heating, and electricity, as well as marking the installation of the necessary milking equipment.

Calculation module for design

The design of a barn for 200 cows differs in that it involves the arrangement of stalls in four rows. A cowshed for 200 heads, as well as a cowshed for 100 heads, with an area of ​​less than 1500 sq. M. does not need to undergo a state examination.

Features of the project of a barn for 50 heads or less

For a backyard, where from one to five cows are kept, a cattle shed is much more familiar. Cows are often housed with goats, poultry, piglets and other domestic animals. If there are more cows, then the farmers build a private dairy farm using the project of a cowshed for 20 heads or more.

According to one typical project, you can build a cowshed for 5 heads or a barn for 50 heads: there is no significant difference in construction.

Such a farm can be built independently without resorting to help. construction firms... It is only necessary to decide on a sufficient plot of land, develop a farm plan that would take into account the supply of all communications, an air exchange device, separate stalls for bulls and dairy cows, as well as a cesspool.

Cowshed for 1 cow and calf

A detailed diagram of the farm should also include a storage room for equipment, a marking of stalls and aisles with all dimensions, the location of switches and sockets, water taps.

Barn building methods

Before you build a cowshed with your own hands, you need to prepare a construction site. A layer of fertile soil is removed from the site, after which the site is covered with medium-sized crushed stone. Such preparation of the site allows you to ensure sufficient firmness of the foundation. When building a barn on your own, two methods are used: frame and frameless.

Wireframe method

Building a barn with this method is more economical. Immediately after the preparation of the soil, the installation of the frame is started. First, the support of the future structure is laid in the base in the shape of a square, then the installation of the support pillars is started. All supporting elements are connected to each other using a welding machine.

Typical frame barn for 200 heads

Frameless method

The second method is frameless, which implies the mandatory construction of a foundation. There are two ways to build the foundation correctly. First: we build the formwork and fill it with concrete. Second: we fill the dug trench with rubble stone and burnt bricks, and bond them with cement. If the soil is not free-flowing, then the depth of the foundation is about 60 cm. The walls are erected directly on the foundation, without using any support pillars.

General principles of construction

In farms engaged in breeding and keeping cattle, the minimum height of the walls should be about 2.5 meters, and the ceiling height along the central aisle should be at least 3.5 meters. When designing walls, you should definitely provide for the presence of windows. To reduce electricity costs, it is recommended to make the number of windows equal to the number of animals. So, in the walls of a barn for 20 heads, there should be at least twenty windows. After the walls are erected and the roof is covered, the floor is concreted and the internal partitions are erected.

Organization of the delivery room

Thinking through the blueprints for the construction of a barn, it is necessary to mark not only the main room, but also the maternity block, stern, walking area and milking parlor.

The ancestral hall is set up in the warmest part, and is equipped with double doors. This will help avoid drafts. In the generic stalls they make a larger size (for a cow with a calf, at least 10 square meters is needed), organize additional lighting, and install auto-drinkers. The stall is covered with double bedding. It is very important to provide a water supply system with convenient taps in the delivery room. All partitions are made only of wood.

Organization of feed

Each stall is necessarily equipped with a feeder and a manger for hay, as well as a drinker or auto-drinker. But it is also important to organize a place for storing feed. Hay and straw are most often stored under a canopy next to the barn, but concentrated feed and grain should be stored indoors. Typically, barns have a separate feed room. Several racks are made in it, a bath is installed (for steaming feed and preparing mash), as well as several containers with convenient system lids for storing grain. In the stern, you can also put a small refrigerator for storing oils, medicines, liquid dressings.

Milking parlor organization

Even on a small farm, it is better to provide a room for arranging a milking parlor. For a herd of 10 - 20 cows, it is enough to equip two stalls, next to which to place milking equipment, convenient access to electricity and water. The stall must be equipped with a manger for hay. Stalls are made from both metal pipes and timber. The most convenient milking device for small livestock is a pair milking machine.

The milking parlor should have both good lighting and good ventilation.

On large farms, a separate room is allocated for the milking parlor, where complex milking equipment and a milk pipeline system are placed. The layout of the milking parlor and the layout of the stalls directly depend on the number of cows and the milking installation used.

Walking arrangement

Even a small barn for 10 cows should have a comfortable walking area. In the warm season, adult cows are sent to graze, but young stock and bulls of producers walk in the daytime, and sometimes at night, the clock is in the corral.

A barn for 20 cows can have several walks. It is important to maintain a minimum distance of two meters between the walls of the enclosures in order to protect the animals from injury (if it is planned to simultaneously walk the bulls - producers or young bulls).

In fact, the barn can be considered a home for cattle. Therefore, he needs careful planning and a professional approach to construction, as well as the use of professional equipment. This will ensure a good microclimate in the barn, and, consequently, the quality of keeping the animals will be at the required level.

Features of a barn for 100 heads

The construction of a cowshed for 100 heads is strikingly different from the construction of the same building, but with fewer animals. Because for standard project of the cowshed, it is necessary to develop project documentation in more detail.

Tethered cow keeping is common in such a capital structure. That is, each individual is in its own stall and at the same time an individual approach to maintaining life is carried out.

The floor in the stalls is made at a slope of 2-3 cm. Thus, waste products are removed by gravity. Too great a slope will harm the animals, and too little will not provide adequate cleaning.

For the collection of faeces, automated equipment using scraper conveyors is usually used. Special loaders are responsible for feeding hay. Milk is transported by appropriate equipment into specially provided containers. This allows you to increase labor productivity and at the same time reduce the amount of labor.

The design of the barn should include technological premises in order to ensure the life of the building. It can be customized heat points, ventilated chamber, premises for cattle walking, utility block. In addition, there should be a cesspool of the required dimensions behind the tied-up barn.

Barn building technology

The question of building a cowshed for 100 heads should be approached constructively. This will allow not only to reduce the construction time of the barn within acceptable limits, but also contributes to its long operation.

In the distant 60s and 80s, reinforced concrete structures were mainly used for the construction of cowsheds. This is currently ineffective and not economically beneficial. The material itself is very heavy, which entails expensive delivery from the manufacturer's premises. In addition, it is necessary to use a crane with a high lifting capacity for the installation of concrete products.

The modern tethering barn implies the use of steel structures... This significantly reduces the costs of transportation and installation with the involvement of lifting equipment. This, in turn, speeds up the construction time.

Modern cowshed project by appearance may look like a structure 30 years ago. However, according to some parameters, they still differ significantly. For example, by type of material used:

• sandwich panels;
• concrete;
• brick;
• steel.

Can use the following heating types:

• water;
• electric.

By type of ventilation:

• natural;
• supply and exhaust.

All these parameters, and some others, should be chosen strictly individually, depending on the climate of the area, as well as the wishes and capabilities of customers.

Typically, barns are designed on one floor with an insulated roof and an attic for storing feed. The height of the barn ceiling is usually about 5 meters. This ensures normal air circulation and a favorable barn microclimate.

During construction, it is desirable to dispense with internal supports, which can interfere with the location of technological equipment.

To maintain a good barn microclimate, the following conditions must be met:

• the humidity level should not exceed 75%;
• the temperature regime must be at least 10 ° C;
• the level of ammonia content should not exceed 0.2 g / l.

How is the equipment located?

For good performance of cows, all necessary tools and equipment must be correctly located.

Drinking bowls should be comfortable and provide cows with sufficient water. A cow needs about 4-5 liters of water to produce 1 liter of milk. Thus, the total amount of water is reduced to a volume of 80-170 liters. With smaller volumes of water, there will be less milk yield.

Drinking bowls should be open, with a depth not exceeding 80 cm, and equipped with a system continuous feed water. It is optimal to use a trough with a length of 2 meters. Several animals can drink from it at once, which corresponds to their herd behavior. One trough is designed for 20 individuals.

The stalls in the barn are very cramped and therefore need free space for the cows to walk. This can be done even in a specially designated place. Such walks contribute not only to keeping animals healthy, but also to increase their productivity.

Typically, barns are divided into two types:

• tethered;
• loose.

Each of these methods has its own advantages, but the former is more productive. Stable equipment in this case provides the animal with everything necessary to maintain vital functions. It is also used to collect milk.

There are some requirements for stall equipment:

• to exclude injuries to animals, only circular pipes are used;
• the used detachable assemblies allow the repair of not the entire structure, but only one element;
• have a high-quality coating that is resistant to corrosion;
• the design must be provided with plugs and covers, also protected from corrosion. In turn, they protect inner surface labor from the harmful effects of air.

To ensure sufficient free space, stall equipment is arranged in two rows along the long sides of the structure. In the middle part and at the ends, passages are formed for the unhindered movement of animals and personnel.

Feasibility of such a large project

The construction of a tether barn for 100 heads implies high costs... However, these costs, taking into account the amount of cattle that will be kept, pay off over time.

If necessary, you can order the construction of a turnkey cowshed. Such work should be entrusted to a trusted and specialized company in order to avoid serious and unforeseen situations. The cost of such a turnkey project can be an average of 9,500,000 rubles.

A spacious and comfortable home is no less important in cattle breeding than feeding or walking the animals. Good conditions their content in the barn increases milk yield and meat gain. Mini-farms usually use typical buildings for 100 or 200 cows. The construction project must take into account a number of nuances and features.

A cowshed is not just a barn with stalls for animals. Its construction requires responsibility, thoughtful and calculating approach. It is advisable to use professional equipment. Before starting work on the arrangement of premises for 100 and 200 heads, it is worth considering and preparing project documentation.

Common features of mini-farm barn projects:

Attention! Sanitary standards for the construction of such a barn include the presence of a cesspool. Its size is determined by the size of the herd.

Basic house plan for 100 cows

A typical project for a barn for hundreds of animals includes:

• a covered building with deep bedding, stalls and calf crèches;
• walking yard, divided into several sections;
• feed passage between them;
• drinkers and feeders;
• new workover processing area;
• the passage between it and the main area.

The barn for 100 cows is already large enough, so it won't be possible to give the animals a lot of space. For small flocks, 10 sq. m per individual. In this cowshed project, the optimal value will be 6-8 square meters. m.

A hundred cows need 800 sq. m. This includes more spacious stalls for calving cows, a nursery for grown up young. Together with the bedding, the pens are additionally equipped with a special cow mat. The rug is good for animal health.

Attention! The stables in this barn will be arranged in 2-4 rows.

The traditional barn shape is a square or rectangle. This is convenient when stalls are arranged in a row. Set the height of the building in the range of 2.2-2.5 m. The parameter is unchanged regardless of whether there is an attic in the room.

The equipment in the hangar should be comfortable for both cows and humans. For the drinker, select a container up to 80 cm deep and an autonomous water supply system. For example, a long trough. Make the length of the feeder and drinker at the rate of 10 individuals per 1 m.

Attention! An adult cow needs 4-5 liters of water per day to produce 1 liter of milk.

Features of the building blueprint for 200 cows

• auxiliary premises are taken out of the building;
• stalls are placed in 6-8 parallel rows;
• at the entrance to the barn there is a large gate: 2.8 m wide and 3 m high (this is convenient for unhindered passage of service equipment);
• sections with drinkers and feeders are placed along the long opposite walls;
• the aisle between the rows is 2.5 m (for ease of feeding);
• at the end of the room, a platform with milking equipment is installed.

Advice. The barn can be equipped with a second smaller gate. They will facilitate access to the room and improve air circulation.

For such a complex, it is necessary to make high-quality thermal insulation of walls and ceilings. The area for walking should be commensurate with the number of livestock. Part of the area can be a regular meadow, where the cows get pasture. Make the other in the form of a covered summer area with artificial turf.

Basics of building technology

The construction of a barn for a mini-farm is carried out according to the following plan:

• digging a pit for a strip foundation;
• pouring the base (mandatory - with a reinforcing mesh);
• walling;
• installation of floor beams;
• roof assembly;
• installation of windows and doors;
• connection of communications.

The cowshed can be solid or frame. For the foundation, concrete is used on a sand cushion. Immediately consider the angle of inclination of the floor.

Use metal or concrete for flooring, for walls - brick, foam concrete or wooden beams measuring 10x15 cm. A frame building can be sheathed with sandwich panels (especially in cold regions). A gable roof is preferable - snow and water melt off it more easily. Roofing materials - roofing material, slate, corrugated board.

Advice. The attic will make the room warmer. The floor on it is made of boards, which are covered with a layer of sand.

Barn materials must be durable and environmentally friendly. This will create a good indoor climate. And he, in turn, is important for effective breeding of cattle.

Barn construction: video