Presentation: Communication training for employees of internal affairs bodies. Psychocorrectional work in law enforcement agencies Development of professional communication skills

Introduction

Poor professional and psychological training of the employee was and is a chronically painful flaw in his professional skills and activities.

Today it is clear that the professional and psychological preparedness of an employee is not just a desirable addition to his skill, but an obligatory component of professional skill. The professional skill of an employee of the internal affairs bodies, as a person experienced in legal matters, organically including a person and his psychology, is formed not only from special legal training, but also professional and psychological preparedness. If he does not have this preparedness, there is no real mastery.

In this regard, it is very important that employees can master methods that allow them to develop the necessary professionally important qualities that ensure their effectiveness. professional activity, learn psychological techniques that increase the reliability of their activities, allowing them to competently work with people. Therefore, the organization of professional psychological training employees of internal affairs bodies - a very promising area of ​​professional and psychological training.

Psychological features of the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies

Any professional activity makes certain demands on a person and leaves a kind of imprint on his personality and the whole way of life. And in order to determine what personal qualities that determine the effectiveness of professional activity an employee of the internal affairs bodies should have, it is necessary to subject this activity to a psychological analysis, to identify its specific features, to reveal its structure. Clarification of the patterns of professional activity allows not only to study it, but also to develop a system of organizational measures aimed at improving it.

The psychological characteristics of the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies have now been investigated in some detail in legal psychology. At the same time, the development of this problem went both in terms of the psychological analysis of the structure of the professional activity of employees of the internal affairs bodies, and in terms of the psychological characteristics of its inherent complex of psychological characteristics.

According to the authors who conducted these studies (Vasiliev V.L., Dulov A.V., Konovalova V.E., Ratinov A.R., Stolyarenko A.M., etc.), the activities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies are characterized by the following specific psychological characteristics.

Firstly, this is the legal regulation of the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies - one of the most specific features of professional activities in internal affairs bodies. The activities of employees are strictly regulated by legal norms (legislative acts, regulatory documents Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc.). This feature distinguishes the work of employees of internal affairs bodies from numerous branches of human practice, where the performance of work is determined general plans or instructions and creates ample opportunity for the free implementation of their personal ideas about the most effective organization of work. Legal regulation subordinates the activities of the employee to the procedure strictly established by the norms of the law. Non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment by an employee of his official duties is always a violation of a particular law. All this ultimately gives rise to an increased responsibility of the employee for his decisions and actions.

This, however, does not mean that the employee is not free in his will, in the choice of means of carrying out activities, its most rational and effective organization. Among the psychological features of the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies, one should also include the presence of a wide tactical scope, which is given to them within the framework of the law and professional morality.

Another psychological feature of the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies is the presence of power. In the interests of the case, employees are given the right, if necessary, to invade the privacy of people, to find out the circumstances that they often try to hide from others, to enter the homes of citizens, to restrict the freedom of individual citizens, if necessary, and even to deprive it. The psychological state of an employee clothed with this power is determined primarily by a high degree of responsibility, and the use of his powers involves the solution of a number of mental tasks that make it possible to determine the necessity and reasonableness of actions, their legal basis. Often this is due to the need to dwell on one of the options and therefore is characterized by particular tension. The ability to reasonably, legally use the authority provided is one of the most important professional requirements for employees of internal affairs bodies. To a large extent, the legitimacy and appropriateness of the use of power depends on personality traits employee.

An important psychological feature of the professional activity of employees is the constant confrontation and opposition of interested parties. This gives the activity of the officer on the disclosure, investigation and prevention of crimes the character of a struggle, which sometimes takes very sharp forms. The need to overcome dangerous situations, the elimination of obstacles that are specially created in the path of the employee, cause him various emotional reactions, requires constant volitional tension and active mental activity. In conditions of active confrontation, the need arises for constant complex intellectual work, encrypting one's goals, masking real social roles.

Next characteristic feature professional activity is broad communication, as the ability to communicate with a wide range of environment. It is versatile and exceptional. The versatility of the employee's communication lies in the fact that he communicates with representatives of different age categories, with people of different professions, occupying different legal position... This requires knowledge of human psychology in general and the psychological foundations of communication in particular. The communicativeness of an employee is a trait necessary for the correct organization of the production of various investigative, operational-search and preventive measures.

A distinctive feature of employee communication is that it requires reincarnation. The need for this is explained by the importance of establishing psychological contact with all persons falling into the sphere of his activity.

The specific features of the employee's professional activity include the lack of time and the presence of overloads in his work. Promptness and speed are among the basic principles of detecting and investigating crimes. The more a criminal is at large, the more opportunities he has in order to evade responsibility, to destroy the traces of his criminal activity and to hide from the investigation. There is always a gain in time on his side. Procrastination always leads to failure.

On the other hand, the lack of time manifests itself in the need to comply with procedural and other deadlines that are allocated for the investigation of a criminal case, consideration of applications from citizens, etc. The employee is constantly in a tense state because of this. The fact that in other types of activity is characteristic only " emergency situations"is common in the work of a law enforcement officer.

Tension is also associated with the great physical and mental stress that an employee experiences due to the high extremeness of his activities, actions in a conflict situation, the impact of various kinds of stress factors, irregular working hours, the presence of a negative emotional coloring of the activity, since the employee has to deal with manifestations of a human grief, difficult conditions of his official activity.

And, of course, the professional activity of an employee is distinguished by a pronounced cognitive nature, which requires not only a diverse solution of mental tasks of various types and difficulties, but also the organization of their practical implementation. At the same time, purely mental activity, aimed at building various versions, drawing up plans for the implementation of operational and service activities and work plans in general, is combined with the practical organization of work, realizing mental schemes and decisions.

In the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies, the following main elements can be distinguished: cognitive activity, constructive, organizational and communicative. Of course, in the real activities of employees, each of these structural components does not occur in its pure form: they all function in an organic unity.

Cognitive activity. It is difficult to overestimate its importance for the entire activity of the employee. Without the implementation of cognitive activity, it is impossible to achieve a single goal of combating crime, without cognition, neither the activity as a whole, nor one of its components indicated above can be realized. Only as a result of the cognition process does it become possible to purposefully carry out other actions of the employee.

To solve the problems of combating crime, the cognitive activity of the employee must ensure the establishment of facts, circumstances, causal dependencies related to both the events of the present, past, and future. For example, on the collection, analysis, generalization of information to identify persons of operational interest and prevent them illegal actions in the future, all the work on the prevention of crimes is being carried out, as well as work on the disclosure of the crimes committed.

Given the complexity, versatility, variety of tasks solved by the employee, the inadequacy and often contradictory nature of their conditions, the variability of the initial data, the presence of elements of surprise, etc. it is called practical creative thinking.

Constructive activity. It means mental activity aimed at planning actions to disclose, investigate, prevent crimes, search for hiding criminals, etc. If, in the implementation of cognitive activity, thinking tends, in the main, to answer the questions that are still unknown, what needs to be additionally discovered, found for solving a specific problem, then in constructive activity the planning of the stages of cognitive activity is carried out, i.e. it gives an answer to the question in what sequence we will search for the unknown. In other words, the search and constructive activities of an employee are two sides of a single thinking process that characterize its different stages.

Organizational activity. It aims to provide optimal conditions for the implementation of all other types of professional activities of the employee. Its content is the management of the processes of disclosure, investigation, prevention of crimes, which manifests itself in operational leadership, accounting and control, maintaining interaction between the participants in these processes. It consists of both the transfer and exchange of information, and the organization of the actions of other persons who, by the nature of their duties, must follow the instructions of the employee.

Communication activity. As noted above, the professional activity of the employee is characterized by broad communication. His communicative activity consists in obtaining the necessary information through communication, i.e. direct speech contact with others in order to solve practical operational and service tasks. In order to influence people in the process of communication, the personality of the employee must harmoniously combine a sufficiently high intellect and erudition with a strong will, as well as a set of personal properties that determine his human attractiveness.

Even a cursory review of the main psychological characteristics and structural elements of an employee's professional activity shows how complex and multifaceted his activities are. She makes many different demands on him, among which one of the most important is the possession of developed professionally significant personality traits.

First of all, they include:

• - professional and psychological orientation of his personality;
• - psychological stability;
• - developed volitional qualities: the ability to control oneself in difficult situations, courage, courage, reasonable inclination to take risks;
• - well-developed communicative qualities: the ability to quickly establish contact with various categories of people, establish and maintain trusting relationships;
• - the ability to exert a psychological impact on people when solving various kinds of operational and service tasks;
• - role-playing skills, the ability to transform;
• - developed professionally significant cognitive qualities: professional observation and attentiveness, professionally developed memory, creative imagination;
• - professionally developed thinking, a tendency to intense mental work, quick wits, developed intuition;
• - quick reaction, ability to navigate in difficult situations.

These qualities are not inherent in humans initially. Their formation and development is a long and arduous process, but it is necessary condition professional development of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. The absence or insufficient development of these qualities of the employee's personality impedes the normal implementation of his functional responsibilities, give rise to errors in his activities, cause the processes of professional maladjustment and occupational deformation personality. In this regard, the professional and psychological training of employees is of great importance, one of the purposes of which is the formation of these qualities in employees.

The use of psychological study methods when accompanying the activities of employees in need of increased psychological attention is used to:

• determination of individual psychological characteristics and conditions of employees when forming a conclusion on the need to provide them with additional psychological assistance;
• predicting the professional and social behavior of employees;
• carrying out psycho-consulting and psycho-correctional work;
• assessing the degree of social and psychological adaptation of employees, taking measures to improve it;
• development of optimal measures of psychological influence on the personnel of the internal affairs bodies.

To the most affordable and widely used out-of-test methods studying the personality of the police officer include: document analysis, method of expert assessments, conversation, questioning, observation and biographical method.

Analysis of documents. The results of a psychological examination of an employee, carried out at various stages of professional selection and for other reasons (for example, during a psychological examination as part of certification or when assigning a firearm to an employee), are studied, as well as an autobiography, questionnaires, service characteristics, recommendations and other materials for obtaining information about professionally significant biographical data, moral and moral and individual psychological qualities, professional orientation, general educational preparedness, character traits, inclinations, interests, etc.

It is necessary to distinguish between two types of documents in the personal file of an intern or employee: official and personal(statement, autobiography, explanatory, report). The first group of documents allows you to obtain information about a person, events in her life from "external" sources; the second is to better understand the author of the documents (his value orientations, ideas about specific phenomena, people and events).

Expert judgment method- obtaining psychologically meaningful information about the employee from the most experienced and competent employees (colleagues). Expert review in the variant of generalizing independent characteristics, it provides predominantly factual data on all the main indicators of social and professional success of an employee and is most effective in combination with observation and conversation.

Conversation method. Conversation is an active method of obtaining information based on verbal communication from the answers to the questions posed by the psychologist in direct communication. It consists of oral questioning and is one of the most productive methods for studying the personality traits of an employee.

Observation method. Observation is a purposeful study of actions, deeds, behavior in general, as well as the manifestations of facial expressions, pantomime, speech and motor activity of the object of observation. The purpose of the method is to identify the features of communication, oral speech, vocabulary, the degree of frankness, sincerity, intelligence, constraint, tension, anxiety, calmness, etc., as well as the style of implementation of official activities.

Psychodiagnostic methods for studying the personality of an employee. When working with a group of increased psychological attention, various psychodiagnostic techniques (tests; questionnaires - questionnaires; projective techniques; methods for diagnosing individual personality traits and manifestations of the properties of the nervous system) can be used.

In the psychological practice of studying the personal characteristics of police officers who are members of the GPV, important place occupies the problem of providing a holistic approach, the study of personality involves the "dissection" and analysis of the constituent objects of the study, followed by an integral interpretation of all particular results. A holistic approach involves studying the personality of an employee in the following areas:

1) L- data(Life record data). Personality information can be obtained by recording the real behavior of a person in everyday life.

2) Q - data(questionnaire data). Personality information can be obtained through questionnaires and other self-assessment methods.

3) G - data(Tests data). Personality information can be obtained through objective tests.

In the process of a comprehensive analysis, various methods of psychological assessment and the study of personality characteristics can be used. The study of the experience of the psychologists of the internal affairs department when accompanying employees in need of increased psychological attention allows us to divide all methods of psychological support into immediate and mediated.

Direct methods

• individual psychocorrectional work with an employee (for example, psychological counseling for an employee; correction of the mental state of an individual, etc.);
• psychological preparation and training (individual or group).

Indirect methods psychological support:

• psychological counseling for the head of the employee, his colleagues, family members;
• research of the socio-psychological climate in the unit where the employee is serving;
• development of recommendations to ensure the organization of events necessary to improve the socio-psychological adaptation of employees in need of increased psychological attention.

These support methods are related to the toolkit of general psychological correction and differ only in the “point of application”. In general, an analysis of the psychological difficulties of employees who need the help of a psychologist makes it possible to single out the most common problems in practice:

• lack of skills in working with people;
• misconceptions about the practical activities of the internal affairs bodies;
• the employee's lack of professionally important personal qualities;
• conflicting relationships with colleagues in the service;
• inadequate attitude towards personnel on the part of the heads of the internal affairs bodies
• inability of the employee to organize their activities;
• negative attitude of family members, closest associates to work in the internal affairs bodies;

The activities of psychological support for employees from the risk group, in addition to the activities carried out by the psychologist with the entire team, must necessarily include:

• dynamic psychological observation of an employee with periodic face-to-face interviews (the frequency is assigned individually);
• individual training aimed at increasing the psychological competence of an employee or manager (familiarization with the necessary information on the personality structure, teaching the basics of the psychology of communication and management, effective resolution conflict situations);
• active forms of social education (communication training, business games and etc.);
• classes on mastering the methods of self-control, self-education and self-regulation, increasing stress resistance;
• psychological correction of accentuated character traits;
• timely referral of an employee to medical institutions in order to receive specialized rehabilitation treatment for neuropsychic breakdowns.

For the practical solution of the identified psychological difficulties of the employees of the group of in-depth psychological and pedagogical attention, it is advisable for the psychologist to use not only individual, but also group forms of work, as well as to apply various methods of active social and psychological training, including role-playing, communicative, psycho-regulatory trainings.

Thus, a concept has been developed that includes the purposeful, complex application of various interrelated forms and methods of collecting information about activities, interpersonal relationships in the team and in the family, individual psychological characteristics of employees that require in-depth psychological and pedagogical attention.

Improving the activities of police officers at the present stage implies not only an increase in the level of psychological culture of specialists of the law enforcement system, but also a special organization of psychological services in the bodies (divisions, institutions) of the internal affairs. Psychological work in the police department is currently regulated by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated September 2, 2013 No. 660 "On the approval of the Regulation on the basics of organizing psychological work in the internal affairs bodies Russian Federation».

According to the order psychological work the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation carry out:

( with the exception of those subordinate to the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), - psychologists of units for work with personnel, officials with higher (postgraduate) psychological (in the specialties "Psychology", "Psychology of official activity", "Clinical psychology") or medical (in the specialty "Psychiatry") education, which, in the prescribed manner, are entrusted with the duties of carrying out psychological work, and in their absence - by psychologists determined by the Department public service and personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

2. In the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the district, regional (including subordinate organizations) and district levels, linear departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the railway, water and air transport, educational, research, medical-sanitary and sanatorium-resort organizations of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, district departments of material and technical supply of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as in other organizations and divisions that were created to perform tasks and exercise the powers entrusted to internal cases (with the exception of those stationed in Moscow), - by psychologists of the named units, and in their absence - by certain DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, psychologists of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the regional level, educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at their location.

3. In the subdivisions specified in subparagraphs 1 and 2 of this list, with employees appointed by the President of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation - psychologists determined by the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

To carry out their professional activities, psychologists are allocated office premises equipped with the necessary furniture, communications and office equipment, psychological regulation rooms, as well as teaching aids, psychological tests and techniques, psychodiagnostic and psychocorrectional devices.

Responsibility for organizing psychological work is borne by the heads (chiefs), deputies (assistants) of the heads (chiefs) for work with the personnel of bodies, organizations, and subdivisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The psychological service of the Internal Affairs Directorate in the directions, types and content of work has its own specifics, which is determined by the purpose of its creation and the characteristics of its tasks. The goals of the psychological service of the Internal Affairs Directorate are the organization of psychological support for the professional activities of employees, the prevention of emergencies among personnel, the formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in teams, and an increase in the efficiency of operational and service activities of personnel.

These goals can be achieved by solving the following main tasks:

1. Ensuring that employees of internal affairs bodies perform operational and service tasks and form moral psychological readiness personnel to activities in everyday and extreme conditions.

2. Determination of the professional psychological suitability of persons recruited to serve in the internal affairs bodies and study in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, employees transferred to other positions in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, predicting their psychological readiness to perform professional tasks.

3. The implementation of psychological support for the operational and service activities of the personnel of the internal affairs bodies, the conduct of psychological rehabilitation and the restoration of the professional performance of employees.

4. Formation in service (educational) collectives of a favorable psychological climate, carrying out social and psychological work in them, psychological counseling of employees and their family members.

5. The implementation of professional psychological training of personnel, the provision of psychological assistance to employees of internal affairs bodies, educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Thus, in the work of a practical psychologist of the internal affairs department, two main areas of activity can be distinguished:

· Psychological support of work with ATS personnel;

· Psychological support of operational and service activities of police officers;

The main activities of a practical psychologist of the Department of Internal Affairs are:

· Psychological diagnostics;

· Psychological examination;

· psychological prevention;

· Psychological counseling;

· Psychological correction;

· Psychological propaganda and training;

At the same time, the organization of the work of a psychologist has its own specifics in form and content, due to the peculiarities and originality of the organization. structural units psychological service of the Department of Internal Affairs.

So, the main goal of the psychologist of the center for psychological diagnostics is to conduct a psychodiagnostic examination to identify persons with signs of mental maladjustment, determine the psychological readiness for service and study, and predict the success of an employee in professional activity. The content of the work of the psychologist of the CPD assumes:

· Psychological examination of persons entering service in the police department and for study at educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (the main stage of professional psychological selection);

· Psychological examination while accompanying the activities of employees in extreme conditions;

· Psychological examination when moving employees through the service with a change in the category of purpose;

· Psychological examination when appointing employees to higher management positions;

· Psychological examination upon dismissal of employees from service for health reasons.

The main goal of the psychologist of the internal affairs body (subdivision) is to form a high level of psychological readiness of personnel to perform operational and service tasks on the basis of ensuring their mental stability and the development of professionally important psychological qualities. The psychologist of the body (subdivision) of internal affairs carries out a set of measures of the following content:

1. Conducts, in the prescribed manner, psychological examinations, special psychophysiological studies using a polygraph, aimed at studying, analyzing and assessing the individual psychological characteristics of the personality of candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies, trainees, employees transferred to other positions in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia ...

2. Carries out the study, analysis and assessment of the socio-psychological climate in service teams and the moral and psychological state of personnel, conducts, as necessary (but at least once a year) socio-psychological research and individual psychological examinations.

3. Provides psychological assistance to employees who were first recruited into the service of the internal affairs bodies, as well as graduated educational organizations higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in full-time education, in the process of their socio-psychological adaptation to the conditions of operational and service activities.

Selection and appointment of employees, taking into account their individual psychological characteristics of the personality and group compatibility.

Psychological aspects of organizing and conducting activities of moral and psychological support.

Formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in service teams, improvement of the style and methods of employee management.

Minimizing the consequences of emergencies and their prevention.

Optimization of operational and service activities of employees.

5. Conducts classes on psychological topics in the system of moral and psychological training of personnel, including on increasing psychological and pedagogical competence management team bodies, organizations, departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the development of the communicative competence of employees and the possession of methods of self-and mutual assistance in order to regulate the mental state.

6. Participates in the work on the organization of moral and psychological support for personnel sent to another locality to perform operational and official tasks in special conditions, provides psychological assistance to employees after performing operational and official tasks in special conditions, as well as in cases of death personnel, the use of weapons.

7. Carries out psychological work activities aimed at identifying employees who are in a state of crisis, preventing suicidal incidents and preventing professional deformation of the personality, takes part in measures of moral and psychological support with all categories of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in need of increased psychological pedagogical attention (Appendix No. 1 of Order No. 660).

8. Carries out psychological correction measures with employees who have signs of mental adaptation disorders or overwork, psychological rehabilitation of these employees, advises them on accounting issues psychological aspects in the regulation of family and household relations, prevention, resolution and minimization of the consequences of interpersonal conflicts.

9. Advises employees on:

Taking into account the psychological aspects that arise during the performance of operational and service tasks, drawing up psychological portraits of persons suspected of committing crimes.

Studying (forecasting) socio-psychological processes in the protection of public order and ensuring public safety during the preparation and holding of large public and mass events, determining by external signs of citizens who have illegal intentions.

Developing a strategy and tactics for negotiating, including when releasing hostages.

10. Ensures the functioning of the office of psychological regulation in the relevant body, organization, division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

The main goal of the psychologist educational institution The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is to increase the effectiveness of the educational process. The psychologist of the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia carries out a set of measures of the following content:

· Professional psychological orientation;

· Psychological examination of candidates for study at an educational institution in the specialty;

· Assessment of the degree of adaptation of first-year students to the conditions of the educational process and service;

· Psychological examination of students throughout the entire period of study, assessment of their condition, level and dynamics of development of professionally significant qualities;

· Identification of socio-psychological reasons for academic failure, violations of discipline and delinquency among students, dismissals for negative reasons, difficulties in learning and service;

· Socio-psychological examination of study groups;

· Psychological counseling, psychological correction and rehabilitation of employees of variable and permanent composition;

· Ensuring the work of the office of psychological regulation;

The organization of the work of the psychologist of the internal affairs department is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the approximate workload.

The main organizational principles of psychological work are: purposefulness, continuity, objectivity, activity, efficiency, adherence to the norms of professional ethics.

When carrying out activities of psychological work, the following methods are used: observation, interview, consultation, psychological analysis of documents, psychological analysis of the results of activities, survey, examination, testing, sociometry, experiment, psychological training.

As a matter of priority, psychological work is carried out with:

1. Candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies.

2. Employees planned to be included in the personnel reserves.

3. Employees sent to another area to perform operational and service tasks in special conditions.

4. Employees in need of increased psychological and pedagogical attention when organizing individual educational work.

5. Employees who are given service combat hand-held small arms, ammunition and special means for permanent storage and carrying.

The list of psychological and psychophysiological techniques used in psychological work is established by the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the basis of the recommendations of the Coordination and Methodological Council for the psychological support of work with the personnel of bodies, divisions, institutions of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Psychologists of units for work with personnel are included in the following according to the established procedure:

1. Commissions formed to carry out checks on the facts of the death of employees, including in suicidal incidents.

2. Commissions formed to resolve issues on the issue of weapons to employees for permanent storage and carrying.

3. Medical commissions of medical organizations.

4. Other commissions in accordance with legislative and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Control questions:

1. In which departments of the Internal Affairs Directorate is psychological work carried out in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 660?

2. List the main tasks that the ATS psychologist needs to solve.

3. Name the methods used in the work of the ATS psychologist.

4. List the set of measures carried out by the psychologist of the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

5. What are the main activities of the ATS psychologist?

Similar information.

The Center for Psychological Work was created on the basis of the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 428 dated 02.07.2013.

The Center operates on the basis of the Regulation on the Center (Appendix No. 8 to Order No. 84 of the Head of the Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Shrakbek Kabylbaev dated June 29, 2016).

The first head of the Center in 2014 was the candidate of pedagogical sciences, police colonel Ilyina Tatyana Aleksandrovna.

From November 2014 to December 2018, the head of the Center for Psychological Work was Police Colonel Olga Vladimirovna Chirzhova.

Currently, the head of the Center for Psychological Work is Police Major Myrzabek Sardarbekovich Tuiganov (order of the head of the Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Shrakbek Kabylbaev dated February 21, 2019, No. 41 l / s).

Police Major A.B. Dosmailov. In 2006 she graduated from the L. Gumilyov Eurasian National University with honors, qualification - psychologist, teacher of psychology.

The teacher-methodologist of the Center is police captain Venera Serikbekovna Kasenova (order of the head of the Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Shrakbek Kabylbaev dated May 24, 2018 No. 76 l / s). In 2017, the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Uzhno-Uralsk State Humanitarian Pedagogical University", Chelyabinsk, was awarded the Master's degree in the specialty "Psychological and Pedagogical Education".

The Inspector of the Center is Senior Police Lieutenant Olga Alexandrovna Auzhanova (order of the head of the Kostanay Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan named after Shrakbek Kabylbaev dated May 24, 2018 No. 76 l / s). In 2010 she graduated from the KUIS Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan with a degree in Pedagogy and Psychology.

The main tasks of the Center for Psychological Work:

- Theoretical and practical training and retraining of specialists - psychologists for the bodies and departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

- Carrying out fundamental, search, applied scientific research to study the problems of professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies.

One of the directions of the center's work is the testing of existing psychodiagnostic techniques and their introduction into the professional activities of psychologists of the internal affairs bodies.

Psychological diagnostics as a branch of psychological knowledge is intended for measuring, evaluating and analyzing individual psychological and psychophysiological characteristics of a person, as well as for identifying differences between groups of people united by any characteristic.

Psychodiagnostic techniques are specific psychological tools. Since they are used for practical purposes, they should be of high quality as much as possible in order to exclude errors in the diagnosis. Therefore, special requirements are imposed on psychodiagnostic techniques, they are developed according to certain rules and checked according to a number of criteria.

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Subject: Psychology

"Psychology in the activities of police officers."

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PLAN

Introduction

1. Emotional negative states of police officers and ways of their prevention and overcoming

• 2. The main factors of manifestation and prevention of professional deformation of the personality of police officers
• 3. Legal grounds and psychological characteristics of the actions of police officers in service and emergency situations. Security management
• Conclusion
• Split of used literature

Introduction

In the "Concept for the development of internal affairs bodies and internal troops", approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 145-1996, activities to strengthen the spiritual and moral foundations of the service, instilling in personnel a sense of patriotism, citizenship, observance of the rule of law and ethical standards, strict implementation of the Oath and orders is defined as a priority area. In this regard, the problems of professional and psychological selection, monitoring and strengthening of service discipline and legality among the personnel of the Internal Affairs Directorate, having great urgency, require appropriate legal regulation and instrumental and psychological support.

The analysis of departmental disciplinary statistics shows that in 2006, as compared to 2005, the number of employees prosecuted for violation of the law increased by 9.0%, as well as by 1.8% for disciplinary violations. Of particular concern is the increase in those prosecuted for committing crimes in units for combating economic crimes (by 33.3%) and in non-departmental security (by 15.4%). The state of work with personnel of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in 2006: Collection of analytical and informational materials. - M.: TsOKR of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2007 .-- P. 45.

1. Emotional negative states of police officers and ways to prevent and overcome them.

It is known that the activities of police officers are characterized by situations that are distinguished by the presence in them of factors that have the power to influence people and their activities, called extreme. In recent years, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the extremeness of the activities of the Internal Affairs Directorate, associated with the arrest of criminals, the release of hostages, the use of weapons, ensuring law and order during mass events, natural disasters and emergencies. Extreme (from Lat. Extremum - extreme, extreme) are situations that pose great difficulties for a person, oblige him to complete, ultimate stress strength and capabilities to cope with them and solve the task at hand.

The results of complex studies by psychologists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia have shown that factors such as irregular working hours, constant contact with asocial elements, the need to fully devote mental and physical forces in the suppression of crimes reduce the functional reserves of the body, up to their complete depletion. This determines the high requirements for the mental sphere of the personality of police officers, their resistance to stress and psychological readiness to work in extreme conditions.

Consequently, prolonged exposure to stress factors, the presence of a constant vital threat to life, a high probability of death or injury, traumatization impose high demands not only on the level of professional preparedness, but also on the psychological qualities of the individual, which determine the psychological readiness to work in extreme conditions.

Multidimensional research conducted by A.I. Adaev, L.M. Abolin, V.A.Vasiliev, A.A. Volkov, P.A.Korchemny, E.P. Krupnik, I.S.Kon, K.K. Platonov ., Rodionov A.V., Stolyarenko A.M., Smirnov V.N., Tsoi A.A., Chudnovsky V.E., Chovdyrova G.S. and other psychologists allow us to single out one of the essential psychological qualities - the stability of the personality of the police officer to extreme situations of official activity.

In the psychological literature, the concept of "stability" has several interpretations. So, the word "stable" in many countries of the world means "stable, persistent, solid, durable, strong". In the "Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language" there are two synonyms for this word: "stability, balance". In A. Reber's dictionary, “stable” is understood as a characteristic of an individual whose behavior is relatively reliable and consistent.

This versatility of the concept of "sustainability" is primarily due to the fact that the use of this term in relation to the processes of formation, development and formation of a personality, to describe various aspects of her behavior and activities. In the literature, you can find the following terminological combinations: "personality stability", "behavior stability", "(professional) activity stability", "stress resistance", "emotional stability", "volitional stability", "mental stability", "emotional volitional stability "," moral stability "," psychological stability "(Zavarzina L. V., 2002).

A special place should be given to the psychological stability of police officers - as a kind of foundation professional readiness to perform actions in extreme conditions of operational and service activities.

Psychological stability is understood as an integral characteristic of a personality that ensures its resistance to the frustrating and stressful effects of difficult situations (Yaroshevsky M.G., 1990).

Law enforcement officer ( patrol service police, detention groups of non-departmental guards, operational workers, etc.) more often than anyone else gets into difficult and sometimes dangerous psychological situations in daily official activities, which have a stressful effect on the psyche of an employee.

Therefore, the psychological preparation of employees in educational institution The Ministry of Internal Affairs should be aimed at building resistance to:

* negative factors of operational and service activities: tension, responsibility, risk, danger, lack of time, uncertainty, surprise, etc .;

* factors that strongly affect the psyche: the type of blood, corpse, bodily injury, etc.;

* situations of confrontation: the ability to conduct a psychological struggle with persons opposing the prevention, disclosure and investigation of crimes, to resist psychological pressure, manipulation by both law-abiding citizens and offenders; do not succumb to provocations, etc.;

* conflict situations in official activities: the ability to analyze the internal causes of the conflict, to understand the patterns of their occurrence, course and ways of resolving conflict situations: insult and violence against a person, hooliganism, robbery, murder, resistance to a representative of authority, verbal and physical aggression, etc. .; the ability to control oneself in psychologically tense, conflict, provoking situations.

Frequent stay in dangerous and sometimes life-threatening situations requires these persons to be able to control themselves, quickly assess difficult situations and make the most adequate decisions, which will help to more efficiently perform the assigned tasks and reduce accidents and disruptions to professional activities among the personnel of internal organs. cases.

The inability of the employee to regulate the mental state and actions lead to negative and often serious consequences both for himself and for those around him. The inability to control one's behavior reduces the ability of a person's socio-psychological adaptation to these environmental conditions, and is a serious obstacle to the realization of her life potential.

The employees of the internal affairs bodies are daily influenced by various factors, often of a stressful nature, which in turn can lead to fatigue, overwork, the emergence of various negative emotional states, and disorders of professional and official activity.

In this regard, the mastery of the techniques and methods of psychological self-regulation by employees is a very urgent task of modern times. Those employees who have stronger nerves, who are better able to tune in to fight the enemy (criminal), who know how to more rationally manage not only their physical and mental resources, but also maintain neuropsychic activity at an optimal level, achieve great success in their service activities. to show their psychological stability in difficult situations of operational and service activities.

An analysis of the above works allows us to conclude that the main condition for psychological stability is actually search activity, in particular, the activity of police officers involved in the educational process.

The high need of employees to search for new abilities and opportunities to counteract negative factors, creative attitude towards themselves and the surrounding reality, readiness to master the techniques of psychological techniques (neurolinguistic programming, psychosynthesis, group therapy, socio-psychological training, etc.) for the regulation of psycho-emotional states will allow to overcome destructive the impact of unfavorable life circumstances and to form the stability of the personality of law enforcement officers.

During the passage of special initial training by employees of a private and junior commanding officer in the classroom for vocational psychological training, for the formation of psychological training, the following can be used:

* psychodiagnostics (observation, conversation, testing);

* trainings to develop professional memory, attention and observation;

* psychophysical trainings to overcome obstacles (complications, obstacle course, labyrinths);

* ideomotor training;

* trainings using elements of surprise, lack of time, noise and fire effects (moral and psychological streak);

* trainings on mastering situations related to the perception of suffering, blood, wounds, injuries, the killed;

* teaching the basics of autogenous training;

* trainings of self-hypnosis, self-belief, mood;

* SOPT (situational-figurative psycho-regulatory training, mental enumeration by the employee of individual value qualities and situations in which he succeeded in something).

The expediency of practical exercises, trainings is justified by the existence of a psychological regularity: a person who has repeatedly got into difficult conditions and coped with them has more chances to get out of the next extreme situation with honor than the one who never got into them.

The analysis of the working conditions for the performance of official tasks by law enforcement officers showed the need to improve the methods of forming psychological resistance to the frustrating and stressful effects of extreme situations of professional activity.

2. The main factors of manifestation and prevention of professional deformation of the personality of police officers

V modern Russia, in the context of the proclamation of a course for building a civil society, an employee of the internal affairs bodies needs not only high professional readiness, but also stable professional moral and psychological qualities, a willingness to resist the influence of factors of professional deformation. However, the problem of professional deformation cannot be considered in isolation from a broader problem - the influence of activity on the personality.

Professional deformation of the personality of an IAB employee is a change in the professional capabilities and personality of an employee in an asocial direction, resulting from negative features of the content, organization and conditions of service.

Risk factors for occupational deformity can be:

· Instability of individual psychological characteristics;

· The level of adaptation to professional activity;

· Manifestations of psychological defenses;

· Behavioral deviations;

• violations of self-control and self-regulation;

· Narrowing of the cognitive sphere;

· Features of the intellectual sphere;

· Reduced tolerance to emotional stress;

· Pronounced emotional tension;

• lack of formation of moral and psychological formations in the structure of the personality;

· Lack of formation of relations to the observance of moral standards.

Forms of manifestation of professional deformation

The personality traits of a professionally deformed employee manifest themselves in different ways and in many combinations, but as a result, their development leads to the professional uselessness of this employee or (in the worst case) to his violation of the law or immoral actions.

The following main indicators of professional deformation can be distinguished:

1. Biased attitude towards the object of official activity - a citizen or a group of citizens who act in various official legal roles.

2. Arbitrary-subjective interpretation of norm-obedient behavior and normative regulation of performance. Its empirical manifestations.

3. Transferring the manner of official communication, individual professional methods and receptions for off-duty spheres. Professional coarsening of the personality.

Methodological problems of the influence of activity on a person, the principles of the unity of consciousness and activity are considered in the works of S. L. Rubinstein, L. S. Vygotsky, B. G. Ananyev, A. N. Leontyev, B. F. Lomov. S. L. Rubinshtein wrote: "Overcoming abstract functionalism and the transition to the study of the psyche in concrete activity, in which it is not only manifested, but also formed." Later, VN Myasishchev, stressing the importance of studying the relationship between the individual and the subject of activity, pointed out that "the psychology of impersonal processes should be replaced by the psychology of the activity of the individual, or the personality in the activity" Myasishchev VN Personality and neuroses. - L., 1960 .-- P.7. ...

Discussing the connection between activity and personality, A. N. Kitov singles out such functions of activity in the life of an individual as a specific mechanism for satisfying the needs of the individual; inner transformed and perceived world of the personality; "Transfer" of personal qualities and properties, abilities and skill of a person to his subject; manifestation not only outside (exteriorization), but at the same time interiorization of activity that takes an ideal form and entails significant changes in the psyche.

For a long time in the domestic psychological and pedagogical science it was understood that labor is the main and main factor in the formation of a person. It was believed that the working person is already mature and comprehensively developed. Much has been written about the educational influence of professional activity on the process of only positive personality formation. The negative impact of specific specialized labor has been studied much less in psychology. So, SG Gellerstein at one time called for studying only the positive influence of labor on a person Problems of psychotechnics on the threshold of the second five-year plan \\ Soviet psychotechnics - 1932. -№ 1-2.-С. 19. . For a long time it was believed that labor activity guarantees a person from various deformations of consciousness and personality. However, in labor psychology, engineering psychology, it is assumed that in labor a person not only “develops” in a positive sense, but also deforms. Although still, A. S. Makarenko wrote that labor has the property of neutrality in relation to the effects of education. He can bring up a spiritually rich person, and a slave, and an egoist Makarenko AS Soch. T. 5. - P.42. 16 .

The problem of professional deformation developed initially on the basis of scientific works performed by specialists in the field of labor psychology, in industrial medicine, hygiene, sanitation, in safety work, where the relationships between the subjective and purely individual characteristics of professional people were realized and investigated. These relationships have been studied quite fully, reflecting the psychophysiological aspect of the existence of an individual. However, these works differ significantly in approaches and conceptual study schemes.

In legal psychology, the problem of preventing professional deformation of the personality of law enforcement officers has also been reflected. Analysis and systematization of specific works, in one way or another, devoted to the problem of professional deformation in the police department or the police of foreign countries, allow us to identify certain trends.

The first of them is that individual authors (N.L. Granat, A.A. Molchanov, A.A. the essence of professional deformation, or only partially denote it.

The second trend is characterized by the desire to more specifically outline the essence of negative personality changes that relate professionally important qualities(D.P. Kotov, G.G.Shikhantsov, 1976; V.A.Lazareva, 1987; V.I.Belosludtsev, I.I.Sokolov, 1995; V.S.Medvedev, 1996), in particular, professional orientation (E. A. Kozlovskaya), features of professional thinking (V. E. Konovalova), the emergence or sharpening of cynicism, suspicion, hostility (A. Nieder-hoffer, G. Singleton, J. Teahar) and others.

The third trend is characterized by attempts not only to reveal the essence of professional deformation, but also to determine its determinants (indicators, criteria, causes, manifestations, etc.). With regard to law enforcement, the problem of professional deformation is considered in the works of A. V. Budanov, S. V. Beznosov, S. E. Borisova, E. N. Lunina, V. Medvedeva, B. D. Novikov, A. R. Ratinov and others. According to A.V. Budanov's works, professional deformation is a negative change in the professional capabilities and personal qualities of an employee of the internal affairs bodies under the influence of the conditions and experience of professional activity in the presence of a distorted experience or a distorted understanding of professional experience by an employee. Professional deformation begins with the fact that the employee of the internal affairs body “loses the true idea of ​​the moral meaning of his profession. The sense of professional duty is dulled, the work seems more and more meaningless, the susceptibility to negative influences increases ... ".

The phenomenon of professional deformation has a negative impact on the motivation of the service behavior of police officers, has a wide range of manifestations (in the moral, intellectual, professional and emotional spheres), including a change in attitude towards the object of activity: from complete rejection (aggressiveness, rudeness, rudeness) to forgiveness , unofficial ties with criminal elements, moral and material dependence on them, taking on illegal obligations, which ultimately leads to antisocial behavior, legal conflicts.

According to A. V. Budanov, professional deformation can be expressed in the police officer in the following areas: professional and moral, intellectual, emotional and volitional and the sphere of professional actions. In the professional and moral sphere, deformation manifests itself in the loss of a correct understanding of the civil and moral meaning of professional activity, the formation of a feeling of its hopelessness, the development of an indifferent attitude to work, or in a tendency to view professional activity as a means of achieving purely personal, selfish goals.

In the intellectual sphere, deformation manifests itself as a loss of the ability for independent professional thinking and decision-making, for independent professional development, in stereotyped

3. Legal grounds and psychological characteristics of the actions of police officers in emergency service situations. Security management.

The penitentiary system (UIS) of the Ministry of Justice (Ministry of Justice) of Russia includes special subdivisions (special-purpose departments), which were formed in the early 1990s in order to implement functions specific to the UIS: suppression and liquidation of riots in places of deprivation freedom; neutralization of armed criminals and release of persons taken hostage in institutions of the penal system; participation in the search and detention of convicts and persons taken into custody, who have escaped, etc.

When participating in the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, employees of the special purpose departments (OSN) of the UIS of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, in addition to the above (and mainly), also perform the functions of protecting important state facilities, escorting various persons and cargo.

In the explosion of the complex of government buildings in the capital of the Chechen Republic on December 27, 2002, the employees of the OSN UIS, who were guarding it, were killed and injured. The specificity of the business trips of the "special forces" officers who guard and defend the detention center in Grozny is the need to serve in a confined space with frequent combat contact with the enemy. Special-purpose departments are in similar conditions in other regions of Chechnya.

In all such cases, DOS are used, in fact, as army units. Meanwhile, the "special forces" of the UIS of the Ministry of Justice of Russia were not originally designed and adapted (insufficient armament, fundamentally different from military tactics) for conducting military combat.

In connection with the complex range of tasks solved by the fighters of the special forces of the UIS in the North Caucasus, the problem of psychological support for their service and combat activities (SBD) arose.

The main purpose of such support is: optimal use of the psychological resources of the DSS staff, ensuring their successful performance of operational and service and service and combat missions on the territory of the North Caucasian region; restoration, preservation and improvement of the performance of soldiers.

Stages of psychological support

In general, the system of psychological support for the UTS of DOS employees in the course of a counter-terrorist operation is activities that, from an organizational point of view, can be divided into three stages.

The first stage is psychological preparation for work in extreme conditions. The activities carried out at this stage include professional training, recruiting the unit, taking into account the socio-psychological laws and individual-personal characteristics of the fighters.

The second stage - psychological support in a "hot spot" - includes measures for psychological support of personnel in the course of performing service and combat missions.

The third stage - psychological work with special forces soldiers upon their return to their permanent place of deployment - involves the implementation of measures for the psychological rehabilitation of employees, as well as the use of the positive consequences of extreme situations to optimize the training of DOS personnel.

At each of the three stages of the psychological support of the activities of the DOS officers taking part in the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus, various organizational, methodological approaches, and a specific algorithm for the actions of psychologists are used.

This scheme for organizing psychological support presupposes the complexity, consistency and effectiveness of the measures taken, the restoration and support of the ability of special forces soldiers to perform service and combat missions.

Psychological preparation tasks

At the stage of psychological preparation of employees for a business trip to the North Caucasus, the main tasks are:

· Psychological examination of personnel sent on a business trip;

· Psychological support of recruiting and group cohesion of dispatched units;

· Special psychological training for employees and groups leaving on a business trip.

The main areas of work of psychologists at this stage follow from the above tasks:

· Psychological diagnostics of personnel sent on a business trip;

· Study of the socio-psychological climate and psychodiagnostics of the group cohesion of the formed subdivisions;

· Training employees in methods and techniques of psychological self-regulation in daily and extreme activities.

The implementation of the directions of work is organized by the head of the special purpose department together with his deputies and is carried out by a psychologist Guidelines on the psychological support of the activities of the employees of the penal system, carrying out counter-terrorism measures in the North Caucasus region. GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. M., 2003.

Psychological selection

How does an SS psychologist carry out such work in practice?

1 - psychological selection. The predisposition in long-term extreme conditions to such negative manifestations as weakening of self-discipline and a decrease in moral and moral control can be predicted with the help of psychodiagnostic examinations already at the preliminary stage, when talking with the selected candidate Berdnikov V.S., Kazurova E.S. Primary selection of candidates for service in the DOS. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Kreneva Yu.A. Psychodiagnostic techniques used to select candidates for service in the DSS. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. on secondment to a “hot spot”.

Specialists of the psychological service of the Penitentiary System of the Ministry of Justice of Russia use a set of measures in the selection of DSS fighters. These activities include:

· Conversations with the candidate (autobiographical nuances, behavioral manifestations, voluntariness of participation in a business trip, the presence of penalties, the state of family relationships, etc.);

· Psychodiagnostic examination (SMIL, LN Sobchik), test of color choices (M. Lusher), "Sixteen-factor personality questionnaire", R. Cattell).

In general, we can talk about the following main psychological "contraindications" to being sent to serve in the counter-terrorist operation zone: inadequate attitudes and distorted motivation (for example, the predominance of material motives - a business trip as an opportunity to "earn extra money"), low stress resistance, poor self-control, aggressiveness, low sociometric status of a special forces officer, etc.

Psychological preparation

2 - psychological preparation. Training should be aimed at: increasing the efficiency of performing professional tasks; to ensure personal safety Patsakul I.I. Psychology of occupational safety of employees of special forces of law enforcement agencies in extreme conditions of activity (based on research materials of individual occupational safety): Author's abstract. dis. ... Cand. psychol. sciences. Ryazan, 2001.

; to preserve the physical and mental health of employees. The program of psychological training of employees of special police units operating in emergency situations, including in armed conflicts: Methodological recommendations. M., 1997. In extreme conditions of training, due to the high dynamics of the events taking place, their combat mental states come to the fore in terms of significance and influence on the behavior of employees, which allow them to quickly resolve a kaleidoscope of changing situations Smirnov V.N. Features of professional and psychological training of employees of special units of internal affairs bodies for actions in extreme conditions. M., 2002 .; The ability for arbitrary self-regulation of functional states as a criterion for determining the professional success of employees of special-purpose departments of the penal system: Working programm... MPL GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia in the Rostov region. Rostov-on-Don, 2002.

Formation of moral and psychological readiness

Employees of the psychological service of the Penitentiary System of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, before sending DSS employees to the "hot spot", carry out a number of special measures to form the personnel's moral and psychological readiness for activities in extreme conditions. These include:

Information preparation (ethnographic features of the region of the forthcoming service, the prehistory of the conflict, the reasons for its occurrence, the peculiarities of the operational situation and the state of affairs at the present stage, the national character and folk traditions, the peculiarities of interethnic communication of the conflicting parties, normative and legislative acts regulating the activities of the DOS);

Development of each employee's conviction in the validity of the goals and objectives facing the department during his stay in the region (this criterion includes the confidence of the DSS fighters in humanity and the need for measures taken by the Russian government to localize and resolve the conflict, a sense of legal and social protection each employee and his family members);

· Training of personnel for service in extraordinary conditions (weather, difficult living conditions, social isolation or even hostile attitude towards employees of the surrounding civilian population, physical and fire confrontation);

· Developing the ability of DOS employees to act autonomously, if necessary;

Working out special skills and abilities (providing first aid to the victim; communication with representatives of the conflicting parties, implying knowledge of offensive, benevolent, attracting attention, conducive to conversation, meaning greeting or apologizing gestures and expressions, the ability to determine the readiness of the interlocutor for aggressive actions based on external signs or win over citizens in the process of communication, arouse a sense of respect in them; the ability to resist "soft pressure", i.e. resistance to requests from civilians, expressed in the form of invitations to visit, presenting gifts, "tearful" persuasions for help, etc. .p., and associated, as a rule, with violations job descriptions, deviation from the established route, ignoring the rules for preserving service information, etc.).

Formation of sustainable motivation

The practical implementation of the psychological support of the OSN fighters is the psychological training of employees of special forces N.V. Rekhtina. The concept of psychological training for employees of special forces and its implementation on the example of the work of the OSNB "Corsair": Report. GUIN Min. Justice of Russia on NSO. Novosibirsk, 2002.

The main idea: the formation of stable motivation of employees for professional development through a clear definition of the role position of a professional fighter.

In completing the task, the professional relies on the skills acquired during the training. Emotions only interfere with this, changing the physiological state and distorting attention, memory, thinking, making a person vulnerable. Emotional arousal causes the substitution of the main goal for an emotionally colored one, which "blurs" the main goal and interferes with the performance of the task. To complete a task using professional skills, you need to master yourself. Therefore, in addition to special skills, self-regulation skills are needed to separate emotions from the task.

A special forces officer is a warrior and he has to live two lives: according to the laws of peacetime and according to the laws of wartime. Without dividing peace and war, finding himself in an extreme combat situation, a person, without realizing it, manifests his personality, stereotypes of behavior, a system of expectations formed in peacetime. It is not safe for him. The employee must master the art necessary for the warrior - not to show his own personality, art based on precise calculations and solid skills. For his own safety, a soldier needs a role and skills suitable for wartime.

Extreme psychological skills

Another concept of psychological training for special-purpose departments of law enforcement agencies is proposed by V.N. Smirnov. Professional extreme psychological training is carried out in two stages.

Preliminary professional extreme psychological training: mastering extreme psychological knowledge and skills, acquiring extreme psychological skills, control over the regulation of mental states favorable for working in extreme conditions.

Specificity of the training

Immediate professional extreme psychological training: extreme psychological training, which is carried out in the process of complex exercises and focuses on professional perception, regulation of combat mental states, favorable for working in extreme conditions and modeling the factor of "unknown" Smirnov V.N. In the same place. ...

Of interest is the social and psychological training (SPT) as part of the psychological training of the OSN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, developed in the interregional psychological laboratory of the GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia in the Rostov region. In this training, the main methods of working with a group are game methods. Conducting psychological training as part of preparing DSS staff for action in extreme situations: Methodological manual. MPL GUIN MJ RF for RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. A feature of the SPT is the fact that the list of games and exercises is not a rigid training program. A practical psychologist has the opportunity to select for work with each specific group those exercises that, in his opinion, can help to the greatest extent to activate the participants, reveal them from different angles, help them realize own capabilities... It should be noted that the staff of the interregional psychological laboratory of the GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia in the Rostov region is a recognized authority in the development of issues of extreme training for employees of special forces of the Ministry of Justice of Russia Training on training employees in methods of arbitrary self-regulation of functional states: Methodological guide. MPL GUIN MJ RF for RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Methods for providing emergency psychological assistance to employees in a "hot spot": Methodological guide. MPL GUIN MJ RF for RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; The program of psychological support for employees of the special-purpose departments of the penal system in the "hot spot": Work program. MPL GUIN MJ RF for RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Diagnostic program for the functional states of the employees of the penal system in extreme situations: Work program. MPL GUIN MJ RF for RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002.

Stress factors

Among the stress factors that significantly affect the psychological state of employees in the conflict zone, the following can be distinguished: the use of special forces of the UIS in most cases as military special forces in military operations (while not having sufficient heavy and special weapons and equipment) with weak interaction with adjacent power structures, or without it at all; an absolutely real and almost constant threat of death, injury, injury, illness - both in relation to oneself and comrades; violation of the biological rhythm of sleep and wakefulness (the need for round-the-clock security); constant household deprivation; poor awareness of the personnel about the actual state of affairs and the operational situation in the region; insufficient provision (food, equipment, weapons, ammunition); inadequately low pay for heavy and dangerous service; being in a hostile environment with a foreign language, culture, traditions; ambiguity in relationships with local residents and government officials; constant identification of others: friend or foe and as a result - constant vigilance, suspicion, categorical judgments, excessive harshness.

Combat psychotraumas and their prevention

The accumulation of these and similar factors of mental stress of employees during the performance of the WBS in the zone of an armed conflict, as well as direct participation in a battle, can lead to the appearance of combat psychotrauma (BFT). In this regard, it is necessary:

· The personnel sent to the zone of armed conflict should be located compactly, with appropriate security. Fragmentation into smaller groups with different locations is minimized. If this is not possible, then as often as possible these groups should be visited by leaders, a psychologist;

· Early active identification of persons with developing maladaptive reactions or personality decompensations;

· Obligatory communication with the "Big Land", with relatives, regular informing of personnel about the situation in the region;

· The commander, deputy for work with personnel, a psychologist to carry out constant work to establish good-neighborly relations with the local population;

· During the period of operational rest (by the way, which is one of the most difficult periods), after a short rest, organize reasonable employment of the personnel, pay attention to leisure, physical training, general information classes.

Conclusion

Thus, the prerequisite for the behavior of the police officer, the source of his activity is the need. Needing certain conditions, the police officer seeks to eliminate the deficit that has arisen. The emerging need causes motivational excitement (of the corresponding nerve centers) and induces the body to a certain type of activity. At the same time, all the necessary memory mechanisms are revived, data on the presence of external conditions are processed and, on the basis of this, a purposeful action is formed.

I hope that the work I have developed has illuminated that required list questions that are needed when studying this topic. But I also note that the issues disclosed by my work do not have the necessary comprehensiveness and depth of disclosure of the entire topic. Some of them, of course, require deeper theoretical study and practical tests.

I put forward a proposal on the need for further theoretical development of this topic.

List of used literature:

1. Ananiev B.G. On the methods of modern psychology. In the book: Psychological methods... L., 1976.

1. Ananiev B.G. On the problems of modern human science. Moscow: Nauka, 1977.

2. Vasiliev V.L. Legal psychology. - SPb .: Peter, 2000.

3. Gamezo M.V., Domashenko I.A. Atlas of Psychology: Inform.-method. Manual for the course "Human Psychology". - M .: Russian Pedagogical Agency, 1998.

4. Enikeev MI, "Foundations of General and Legal Psychology" M., 1996.

5. Enikeev MI, Kochetkov OL, General, social and legal psychology. Concise encyclopedic dictionary. M .: Jurid. lit., 1997.

6. Lomov BF Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology. Moscow: Nauka, 1984.

7. Maklakov A.G. General psychology. - SPb .: Peter, 2001.

8. General psychology. Ed. A.V. Petrovsky. - M .: Education, 1986.

9. Psychological Dictionary / Ed. V.P. Zinchenko, B.G. Meshcheryakova. M., Pedagogika-Press, 1997.

10. Psychology and pedagogy. Ed. A.A. Radugin. - M .: Center, 1999.

11. Romanov V.V. Legal psychology. - M .: Jurist, 2001.

12. Rubinstein S.L. Fundamentals of General Psychology: In 2 volumes T.I.-M .: Pedagogy, 1989.

13. Stolyarenko L.D. Fundamentals of Psychology. Rostov n / a. Phoenix Publishing House, 1997.

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