Torpedo boat. Torpedo boats of the Great Patriotic War Boat g 5 blueprints

Andrey Nikolaevich Tupolev known to us as a great aircraft designer, and few people know that not only the first Soviet heavy bomber came out from under his drawing board , but also the first Soviet torpedo boat.

Order for the design of the first glider in our country for river fleets Andrey Nikolaevich Tupolev received back in 1920, and the following summer, tests of the GANT-1 began on the Moscow River - a single-row planing boat with a displacement of 1 ton with an engine of 160 hp. with., developing a speed of up to 75 km / h. Following the first model, the second one followed - with a propeller, and when, at the beginning of 1923, the People's Commissariat for Maritime Affairs of the RSFSR raised the issue of creating domestic gliding torpedo boats. The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute did not have to start from scratch. The backlog turned out to be such that scientists and designers TsAGI almost immediately we were able to provide a draft design and an estimate for the construction GANT-3- that was the name of the new boat at the institute. For a number of reasons, the further development of the boat. stopped. And only on February 2, 1925, the People's Commissariat for Maritime Affairs issued an updated task for a torpedo boat armed with one machine gun and one torpedo, with a speed of at least 50 knots, a water screw and seaworthiness up to 3 points. The ship's hull had to have watertight bulkheads and provisions for boarding a cruiser. Armor protection from above from small fragments and bullets is also desirable.
Tupolev submitted two draft design- a large seaworthy twin-engine boat with one 533-mm torpedo and a small single-engine boat with one 450-mm torpedo, designed to be lifted onto ships. The choice fell on the first one, but without bulkheads weighing down the structure and with a temporary device for mounting a 450-mm torpedo. July 30, 1925 TsAGI started manufacturing GANT-3 called "The Firstborn" (100). Delivered by railway to Sevastopol, he was launched on March 17, 1927.
During the trials of the boat, which lasted 4 months, a number of design flaws were found. So, in the aft part of the bottom, a plane was originally installed on hinges, the angle of attack of which was changed by vertical screws with flywheels. During the tests, this plane quickly broke off due to impacts on stones and the bottom, and Tupolev never again put such a device on his boats. It also turned out that with waves and winds of 3-4 points, the open cabin was heavily flooded with water, and the hull experienced sharp shaking, hitting the bottom of the water. The boat was also poorly controlled in reverse, and it was almost impossible to shoot accurately from a machine gun at speeds above 30 knots. But in general, "Pervenets" lived up to the expectations of the designers: the motors worked flawlessly, as well as the control devices, as well as electrical and radio equipment. It could be considered quite satisfactory handling at forward speed, reverse, torpedo firing and seaworthiness in seas up to 3 points. Comparing the "Pervenets" with one of the captured SMVs, we found out that the English boat was inferior to ours both in speed and in maneuverability.
On July 16, 1927, an experienced boat was enlisted in the naval forces on the Black Sea.
In accordance with this program, already on December 12, 1926, the Technical Directorate of the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs proposed TsAGI to create a new boat, more perfect than the Firstborn. When designing GANT-4(later called " Tupolev") the designers took into account the shortcomings identified during the tests GANT-3. So, on the new boat, the stabilizer was abolished to adjust the angle of attack, the bow camber was increased, the hull was strengthened, measures were taken against corrosion of the aluminum mail plating, and the commander's cabin was made closed. Armament consisted of two 450 mm torpedoes and one machine gun.
GANT-4 built in Moscow, in workshops TsAGI, and launched in Sevastopol on September 3, 1928. And while the prototype was being tested in the Black Sea, intensive preparations were underway for the mass production of new boats in the Baltic. The first of them, a Sh-4 (101) type boat, was launched on October 1, 1928, and on November 21 it was included in the lists of the fleet. Quite a bit of time passed - and the fleet began to quickly replenish with modern torpedo boats. In four years, 56 units were produced, and this made it possible to form formations of torpedo boats in the Baltic in 1928, in the Black Sea in 1929 and in the Pacific Ocean in 1939.

While the industry was mastering the production of serial Sh-4s, the Tupolev team at TsAGI began designing a new, more advanced boat with two domestic engines and two torpedo tubes, called G-5(planing No. 5). The assignment for such a ship was issued by TsAGI on June 29, 1928, and a year later, on June 13, 1929, they began to build a prototype GANT-5. Since the contours of the new boat were almost the same as those of the GANT-4, the hull was made relatively quickly, but then things stalled: the engine builders summed it up. I had to urgently purchase thousand-horsepower Isotta-Fraschini aircraft engines, and then adapt them to work in marine conditions. Therefore, the boats were sent to Sevastopol only on February 15, 1933, and the tests dragged on until the last days of December. But the results were outstanding...

The maximum speed without load was 65.3 knots. The maximum speed in full combat load is 58 knots. Seaworthiness was higher than that of Tupolev-class boats. The hull behaves well, there is no vibration, it is stable on the course both without load and with torpedoes and in various sea conditions (tested up to four points) ... The Commission believes that this torpedo boat is the best we have both in terms of armament, and in terms of technical properties, and recommends it for serial construction ... "
Speed ​​characteristics of boats. that went in the series were more modest, since instead of two motors of 1000 v. from. there were domestic GAM-34 designs by Mikulin with a capacity of 850 hp each. from. Serial testing G-5 completed in January 1934, after which deliveries to the fleet of light torpedo boats began. During the years of the second five-year plan (1933-1937), our industry produced 137 of them, and by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of the 269 torpedo boats that were in service, the lion's share fell precisely on G-5 which were built until 1944.
During operation, these boats were continuously modernized, seaworthiness, strength, survivability and reliability increased. The methods of their combat use were also improved. If in the pre-war years torpedo boats were considered an integral part of the strike force of the fleet, designed to destroy enemy surface warships and transport ships in coastal waters, then the war posed many new tasks for boat boats. The crews of the torpedo boats carried out patrol duty, escorted transport vessels, laid active minefields in enemy waters, landed troops, fought against submarines and trawled fairways, bombarding German bottom non-contact mines with depth charges. Particularly difficult and sometimes unusual tasks were performed by the Black Sea boatmen during the Great Patriotic War. They had to escort... trains running along the Caucasian coast. They fired torpedoes at ... the coastal fortifications of Novorossiysk. And finally, German and Romanian ships and even airfields were fired with missiles.

When developing the landing operation in Novorossiysk, the brigade's torpedo boats were tasked with destroying batteries and pillboxes on the Novorossiysk pier. And on the night of September 10, 1943, 1 minute 15 seconds after the first artillery salvo of our ships, Soviet boats fired torpedoes ... "The almost simultaneous strike of seven torpedoes on the pier shook it so much," Protsenko recalled, "that small-caliber automatic flew off the tripods and the crazed Nazis fell off their feet. And the explosions of torpedoes fired under the base of the most powerful pillbox at the end of the pier destroyed it so that a heavy armor plate crushed the entire crew. The surviving Nazis did not have time to recover when our sailors fell on them - machine gunners.
No less interesting and unusual was the combat use of the first missile boats in history, which began to enter the brigade in the summer of 1943. These ships did not have torpedoes; instead, a launcher with 132-mm rockets suspended from it was installed on an elongated wheelhouse.
On the night of June 11, 1943, three missile and two torpedo boats went to Novorossiysk to suppress the enemy's four-gun and battery, which plagued our troops and ships on South Ozereyka. Covertly taking up a starting position. the boatmen waited for the pilots to drop lighting bombs, after which two torpedo boats rushed to the shore at full speed to call upon themselves the fire of enemy guns. As soon as the first shots rang out at 2:18 am, the missile boats fired a sighting salvo, I lay down at the edge of the coast, and then dozens of orange-red tails from rocket projectiles traced the sky. Columns of fire shot up to the sky on the shore, flames flared up. A few days later, a Romanian officer who surrendered, said that the Katyusha shells fell with great accuracy. From their explosions, stacks of ammunition prepared for firing flew into the air. As a result, three of the four guns were put out of action and almost all the servants were killed.
On the night of August 28, four missile boats made a fire raid on the Anapa airfield, and three days later, the same missile carriers, while on patrol, managed to disperse nine enemy boats with the fire of their installations.

G-5 continued to serve after the war. Due to the non-magnetic case, they were used in the clearance of fields of mines with magnetic contact action.

The last operator of torpedo boats G-5 became the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which received five boats of this type from the USSR at the end of the 40s.

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Finished model length: 38 cm
Number of sheets: 10
Sheet format: A3

Description, history

Torpedo boats type "G-5"- a project of Soviet gliding torpedo boats, created in the 1930s.

Design history

On June 29, 1928, TsAGI was given an assignment to build a planing torpedo boat with two domestic engines and two torpedo tubes. On June 13, 1929, the construction of a prototype GANT-5 began, the contours of which were exactly the same as those of the Sh-4. The industry was unable to provide the project with the necessary power plant, in connection with which it was necessary to purchase Isotta-Fraschini engines with a capacity of 1000 hp. from.

Construction history

The boat was sent to Sevastopol for testing only on February 15, 1933. During the tests, the boat without weapons reached a speed of 65.3 knots, and in full combat load - 58 knots. However, domestic engines began to be installed on serial boats (2 x 850 hp instead of 2 x 1000 hp on a prototype). Tests of the first production boats were completed in January 1934. Engaged in construction factory named after André Marty(plant number 194) in Leningrad. In total, over 300 units of all series were built.

Design

Case material - duralumin. The keel beam is box-shaped, 10 frames - closed profiles. The cladding was fastened with rivets.
The hull is divided into 5 compartments by 4 transverse watertight bulkheads: I - forepeak; II - motor; III - control compartment; IV - fuel; V - chute torpedo tubes (TA). The crew on the state - 6 people (almost sometimes reached 11 people).
Two semi-balanced steering wheels. The front sight glass is armored.

Power point

Two aircraft engines AM-32 designed by Mikulin manufactured by plant No. 24. For operation in marine conditions, the engines were modernized (superchargers were removed, water cooling was applied) and received the designation GAM-34. Rotation speed 2000 rpm. Three-bladed propellers with a diameter of 680 mm. For silent running, the exhaust could switch to underwater.
could support top speed within 15 minutes, full - 1 hour, economic - 7 hours.
Fuel - gasoline B-74 or a mixture of 70% B-70 and 30% alcohol.
Electrical installation - two DC dynamos with a power of 250 W each.

On September 1, 1934, the G-6 (enlarged G-5) was laid in the workshops of TsAGI - which was supposed to become the lead boat. But he did not go into the series.

Combat use

On May 1, 1937, four G-5s arrived in Cartagena on the deck of the Spanish cargo ship Santo Tome, where they were met by N. G. Kuznetsov (then still the Soviet naval attache in Spain). Even then, their low professional suitability became obvious, 2 of them were lost.
Only one G-5 (No. 16) served in the Northern Fleet, which, due to its short range, was transferred from a combat unit to a watercraft.
In other theaters of operations, the situation developed in such a way that only once during the entire Great Patriotic War did torpedo boats of this type launch an attack on a large formation of German Kriegsmarine ships. The German formation, consisting of the cruisers Leipzig, Emden and the destroyers T-7, T-8, T-11, with the participation of minesweepers from the 17th flotilla, fired on Soviet troops on the Syrve peninsula. 4 torpedo boats came out to intercept them. The description of the development of further events varies depending on who describes them. A confirmed fact is that the German ships left and no longer participated in the shelling of Soviet troops on Saarem.
In the vast majority of other cases combat use torpedo boats were not used for their intended purpose: for landing, laying minefields, delivering cargo, shelling the coast, confrontation with boats and minesweepers of the enemy.

5 boats G-5 during the war also fell into the hands of the enemy - 2 TKA ((No. 111, No. 163) were captured by German troops in the Black Sea and the Baltic, 3 (No. 54, No. 64, No. 141) - by the Finns. The last became part of the Finnish Navy (V-3, V-1 and V-2, respectively), but after Finland left the war, the USSR was returned to the USSR in 1944. The most productive of them, as part of the Finnish Navy, was V-2, which sank together with two other Finnish TKA gunboat of the Baltic Fleet "Red Banner".

The last operator of the G-5 torpedo boats was the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which received 5 boats of this type from the USSR at the end of the 40s. On July 2, 1950, a North Korean detachment of 4 G-5 boats tried to attack the allied cruisers Juno (USA) and Jamaica (UK), blocking coastal waters in the Chumunzhin area, but were detected in time by the enemy and almost all destroyed by artillery fire (only 1 boat managed to escape) without firing torpedoes.

Finished model length: 38 cm
Number of sheets: 10
Sheet format: A3

Description, history

Torpedo boats type "G-5"- a project of Soviet gliding torpedo boats, created in the 1930s.

Design history

On June 29, 1928, TsAGI was given an assignment to build a planing torpedo boat with two domestic engines and two torpedo tubes. On June 13, 1929, the construction of a prototype GANT-5 began, the contours of which were exactly the same as those of the Sh-4. The industry was unable to provide the project with the necessary power plant, in connection with which it was necessary to purchase Isotta-Fraschini engines with a capacity of 1000 hp. from.

Construction history

The boat was sent to Sevastopol for testing only on February 15, 1933. During the tests, the boat without weapons reached a speed of 65.3 knots, and in full combat load - 58 knots. However, domestic engines began to be installed on serial boats (2 x 850 hp instead of 2 x 1000 hp on a prototype). Tests of the first production boats were completed in January 1934. Engaged in construction factory named after André Marty(plant number 194) in Leningrad. In total, over 300 units of all series were built.

Design

Case material - duralumin. The keel beam is box-shaped, 10 frames - closed profiles. The cladding was fastened with rivets.
The hull is divided into 5 compartments by 4 transverse watertight bulkheads: I - forepeak; II - motor; III - control compartment; IV - fuel; V - chute torpedo tubes (TA). The crew on the state - 6 people (almost sometimes reached 11 people).
Two semi-balanced steering wheels. The front sight glass is armored.

Power point

Two aircraft engines AM-32 designed by Mikulin manufactured by plant No. 24. For operation in marine conditions, the engines were modernized (superchargers were removed, water cooling was applied) and received the designation GAM-34. Rotation speed 2000 rpm. Three-bladed propellers with a diameter of 680 mm. For silent running, the exhaust could switch to underwater.
They could maintain maximum speed for 15 minutes, full - 1 hour, economic - 7 hours.
Fuel - gasoline B-74 or a mixture of 70% B-70 and 30% alcohol.
Electrical installation - two DC dynamos with a power of 250 W each.

On September 1, 1934, the G-6 (enlarged G-5) was laid in the workshops of TsAGI - which was supposed to become the lead boat. But he did not go into the series.

Combat use

On May 1, 1937, four G-5s arrived in Cartagena on the deck of the Spanish cargo ship Santo Tome, where they were met by N. G. Kuznetsov (then still the Soviet naval attache in Spain). Even then, their low professional suitability became obvious, 2 of them were lost.
Only one G-5 (No. 16) served in the Northern Fleet, which, due to its short range, was transferred from a combat unit to a watercraft.
In other theaters of operations, the situation developed in such a way that only once during the entire Great Patriotic War did torpedo boats of this type launch an attack on a large formation of German Kriegsmarine ships. The German formation, consisting of the cruisers Leipzig, Emden and the destroyers T-7, T-8, T-11, with the participation of minesweepers from the 17th flotilla, fired on Soviet troops on the Syrve peninsula. 4 torpedo boats came out to intercept them. The description of the development of further events varies depending on who describes them. A confirmed fact is that the German ships left and no longer participated in the shelling of Soviet troops on Saarem.
In the vast majority of other cases of combat use, torpedo boats were not used for their intended purpose: for landing, laying minefields, delivering cargo, shelling the coast, confrontation with boats and minesweepers of the enemy.

5 boats G-5 during the war also fell into the hands of the enemy - 2 TKA ((No. 111, No. 163) were captured by German troops in the Black Sea and the Baltic, 3 (No. 54, No. 64, No. 141) - by the Finns. The last became part of the Finnish Navy (V-3, V-1 and V-2, respectively), but after Finland left the war, the USSR was returned to the USSR in 1944. The most productive of them, as part of the Finnish Navy, was V-2, which sank together with two other Finnish TKA gunboat of the Baltic Fleet "Red Banner".

The last operator of the G-5 torpedo boats was the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which received 5 boats of this type from the USSR at the end of the 40s. On July 2, 1950, a North Korean detachment of 4 G-5 boats tried to attack the allied cruisers Juno (USA) and Jamaica (UK), blocking coastal waters in the Chumunzhin area, but were detected in time by the enemy and almost all destroyed by artillery fire (only 1 boat managed to escape) without firing torpedoes.

The famous Soviet aircraft designer A.N. Tupolev in the late 20s received an order to develop a powerful military boat, equipped with several torpedo launchers at once. It was supposed to be created with powerful weapons and with a minimum range, since in theory the ship should have been on a permanent basis off the coast of the USSR. It is from such torpedo boats that the Soviet development of the navy originates.

History of creation

During the entire six months, the boat was designed and immediately, a specially created department of TsAGI began its construction. Since the organization did not have such experience and was unable to provide the project with the necessary components, a decision was made to purchase from a third party. It was from Italy that the first engines called Isotta-Fraschini arrived. In the mid-1930s, the first boat was sent to the Black Sea for testing. With full combat readiness, the boat reached a speed of about 37 knots, with a weight of less than 10 tons. The result of the tests was the identification of a drawback in the form of low speed and, accordingly, poor maneuverability. Also, TsAGI was tasked with correcting the following shortcomings:

• The quality of the painting, metal corrosion began to form in contact with sea water;
• The control cabin is open, subjected to flooding;
• The occurrence of cavities on the crest of the screw, which does not allow to develop the maximum speed limit.

TsAGI carried out work to change and eliminate all the shortcomings and re-launched a new torpedo boat. The result was not long in coming and the management was already enjoying the race between the newly created Soviet torpedo boat of the G-5 type and the English one, which was based on the creation. The Soviet torpedo boat showed the best results, reached a speed of 56 knots, and even overtook the rival, which could not but please the TsAGI leadership.

In 1934 Leningrad plant André Marty receives an order for the production of over 300 torpedo boats. The sailors were pleased with the speed characteristics of the boat, but the combat armament in the form of several machine guns with a caliber of 450 mm was considered obsolete even at that time. It was decided to equip the boat with 533 mm torpedoes, with the assignment of the number ANT-5. The production of the next series was delayed for a long time due to the slow delivery of equipment. After making minor changes and passing tests, it was decided to change the number to G-5, which meant "Gliding boat of the 5th model."

The design of the torpedo boat

The case material is made of an alloy based on aluminum with the addition of magnesium, manganese and copper. The hull consisted of five compartments - a control compartment, a fuel compartment, an extreme bow compartment, an engine compartment and, of course, an installation of torpedo tubes. The boat on board could accommodate a maximum of 11 people, although it was recommended by the state documentary, only 6. The sight glass was made of armor and on the control panel there were two semi-balanced steering wheels, a pair of compasses, tachometers, a thermometer, an emergency contact, a table with maps, a device gas control, as well as a light machine gun for firing. In addition to all the variety listed, the installed kit included machines with a direct current produced by a power of 250 watts, a lamp searchlight, two batteries, a radio transceiver operating at a distance of up to 20 miles. The two torpedoes installed were considered the main weapon on the boat. In their place, it was possible to place any weapons, for example, instead of a torpedo, it was possible to place four mines.

Model of a torpedo boat with a rocket launcher

A torpedo boat of the G-5 type could maintain a speed of up to 51 knots for 15 minutes. Gasoline was used to refuel the boat.

A total of 9 series of boats were released of this type. The main differences between them lay in the thickness of the skin, fuel supply, engine and armament.

In the year 37 of the last century, the transfer of G-5 type torpedo boats took place. This was done because of the small cruising range, which was not enough for the significant water borders of the USSR.

Later, these torpedo boats managed to take part not only in the Great Patriotic War, but also in the Korean War, which later turned out to be the last for them. Subsequently, it was decided to destroy all available boats. In the Crimea, Latvia, Baltiysk and Ochakov, monuments were erected in honor of the memory of the designers of the G-5 series torpedo boats.